在前面文章中我們已經通過ThreadLocal來實現線程級別的數據共享。那麼如果子線程想訪問父線程的數據該怎麼做呢,InheritableThreadLocal可以幫助我們實現
1 InheritableThreadLocal的使用
測試代碼
private InheritableThreadLocal<Integer> inheritableThreadLocalData = new InheritableThreadLocal<>();
private ThreadLocal<Integer> threadLocalData = new ThreadLocal<>();
@Test
public void testInheritableThreadLocal() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
inheritableThreadLocalData.set(1);
threadLocalData.set(1);
System.out.println("current thread get InheritableThreadLocal data:" + inheritableThreadLocalData.get() +
" get ThreadLocal data:" + threadLocalData.get());
new Thread(() -> System.out.println("son thread get InheritableThreadLocal data:" + inheritableThreadLocalData.get() +
" get ThreadLocal data:" + threadLocalData.get())).start();
}
輸出
current thread get InheritableThreadLocal data:1 get ThreadLocal data:1
son thread get InheritableThreadLocal data:1 get ThreadLocal data:null
可以看到當前內是可以訪問到ThreadLocal和InheritableThreadLocal的數據的
子線程只能訪問InheritableThreadLocal的數據,不能訪問ThreadLocal的數據
2 InheritableThreadLocal原理
InheritableThreadLocal繼承了ThreadLocal類,get、set方法用的都是父類的方法,只是重寫了getMap和createMap
ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
return t.inheritableThreadLocals;
}
void createMap(Thread t, T firstValue) {
t.inheritableThreadLocals = new ThreadLocalMap(this, firstValue);
}
inheritableThreadLocals也是ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap對象,正常來說InheritableThreadLocal和ThreadLocal的功能完全一致的,那麼爲什麼前者可以獲取到父線程的值,後者不能呢?
我們看一下Thread的構造方法
public Thread(Runnable target) {
init(null, target, "Thread-" + nextThreadNum(), 0);
}
直接跟到最下面
private void init(ThreadGroup g, Runnable target, String name,
long stackSize, AccessControlContext acc,
boolean inheritThreadLocals) {
if (name == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("name cannot be null");
}
this.name = name;
Thread parent = currentThread();
SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
if (g == null) {
/* Determine if it's an applet or not */
/* If there is a security manager, ask the security manager
what to do. */
if (security != null) {
g = security.getThreadGroup();
}
/* If the security doesn't have a strong opinion of the matter
use the parent thread group. */
if (g == null) {
g = parent.getThreadGroup();
}
}
/* checkAccess regardless of whether or not threadgroup is
explicitly passed in. */
g.checkAccess();
/*
* Do we have the required permissions?
*/
if (security != null) {
if (isCCLOverridden(getClass())) {
security.checkPermission(SUBCLASS_IMPLEMENTATION_PERMISSION);
}
}
g.addUnstarted();
this.group = g;
this.daemon = parent.isDaemon();
this.priority = parent.getPriority();
if (security == null || isCCLOverridden(parent.getClass()))
this.contextClassLoader = parent.getContextClassLoader();
else
this.contextClassLoader = parent.contextClassLoader;
this.inheritedAccessControlContext =
acc != null ? acc : AccessController.getContext();
this.target = target;
setPriority(priority);
if (inheritThreadLocals && parent.inheritableThreadLocals != null)
this.inheritableThreadLocals =
ThreadLocal.createInheritedMap(parent.inheritableThreadLocals);
/* Stash the specified stack size in case the VM cares */
this.stackSize = stackSize;
/* Set thread ID */
tid = nextThreadID();
}
關鍵就在這段代碼
// parent就是父線程,也就是執行new Thread()的線程
if (inheritThreadLocals && parent.inheritableThreadLocals != null)
this.inheritableThreadLocals =
ThreadLocal.createInheritedMap(parent.inheritableThreadLocals);
這裏會把父線程的inheritableThreadLocals賦值給子線程,從而實現了父子線程變量傳遞