這個也可以參考：
https://blog.csdn.net/qinlele1994/article/details/108345477
python語言靈活易用，但是有時效率較低，c++效率較高，pybind可以較好的結合兩者。
在c++代碼中引入pybind11相關庫，pybind可以利用buffer將python中的一些數據類型轉化爲c++可用的類型。如下代碼：
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include<opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
#include<opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include<pybind11/pybind11.h>
#include<pybind11/numpy.h>
#include<pybind11/stl.h>
#include"mat_warper.h"
#include<pybind11/eigen.h>
#include<eigen3/Eigen/Dense>
namespace py = pybind11;
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
Mat numpy_uint8_1c_to_cv_mat(py::array_t<unsigned char>& input) {
if (input.ndim() != 2)
throw std::runtime_error("1-channel image must be 2 dims ");
py::buffer_info buf = input.request();
cv::Mat mat(buf.shape[0], buf.shape[1], CV_8UC1, (unsigned char*)buf.ptr);
return mat;
}
int test_im(py::array_t<unsigned char>& input) {
Mat img_rgb = numpy_uint8_1c_to_cv_mat(input);
Mat dst;
cout << img_rgb.size()<<endl;
cvtColor(img_rgb, dst, COLOR_RGB2GRAY);
return 1;
}
int test_eigen(Eigen::Ref<const Eigen::MatrixXd> &coord) {
cout <<&coord<<endl;
cout <<coord(2,1) <<endl;
cout <<coord(1,2) <<endl;
return 1;
}
PYBIND11_MODULE(test_main, m) {
m.doc() = "Simple opencv demo";
m.def("test_im", &test_im);
m.def("test_eigen", &test_eigen);
}
C++ opencv中圖像和矩陣的表示採用Mat類，比如imread()讀取的結果就是返回一個Mat對象。對於python而言，numpy 通常用於矩陣運算， 矩陣，圖像表示爲numpy.ndarray類。
因此，想要將python numpy.ndarray的數據傳遞到C++ opencv Mat, 或者C++ Mat將數據返回到python numpy.ndarray, 核心問題——如何綁定Mat
C++
main.cpp
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include<pybind11/pybind11.h>
#include<pybind11/numpy.h>
#include<pybind11/stl.h>
#include"mat_warper.h"
namespace py = pybind11;
py::array_t<unsigned char> test_rgb_to_gray(py::array_t<unsigned char>& input) {
cv::Mat img_rgb = numpy_uint8_3c_to_cv_mat(input);
cv::Mat dst;
cv::cvtColor(img_rgb, dst, cv::COLOR_RGB2GRAY);
return cv_mat_uint8_1c_to_numpy(dst);
}
py::array_t<unsigned char> test_gray_canny(py::array_t<unsigned char>& input) {
cv::Mat src = numpy_uint8_1c_to_cv_mat(input);
cv::Mat dst;
cv::Canny(src, dst, 30, 60);
return cv_mat_uint8_1c_to_numpy(dst);
}
/*
@return Python list
*/
py::list test_pyramid_image(py::array_t<unsigned char>& input) {
cv::Mat src = numpy_uint8_1c_to_cv_mat(input);
std::vector<cv::Mat> dst;
cv::buildPyramid(src, dst, 4);
py::list out;
for (int i = 0; i < dst.size(); i++)
{
out.append<py::array_t<unsigned char>>(cv_mat_uint8_1c_to_numpy(dst.at(i)));
}
return out;
}
PYBIND11_MODULE(cv_demo1, m) {
m.doc() = "Simple opencv demo";
m.def("test_rgb_to_gray", &test_rgb_to_gray);
m.def("test_gray_canny", &test_gray_canny);
m.def("test_pyramid_image", &test_pyramid_image);
}
mat_warper.h
#ifndef MAT_WARPER_H_
#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include<pybind11/pybind11.h>
#include<pybind11/numpy.h>
namespace py = pybind11;
cv::Mat numpy_uint8_1c_to_cv_mat(py::array_t<unsigned char>& input);
cv::Mat numpy_uint8_3c_to_cv_mat(py::array_t<unsigned char>& input);
py::array_t<unsigned char> cv_mat_uint8_1c_to_numpy(cv::Mat & input);
py::array_t<unsigned char> cv_mat_uint8_3c_to_numpy(cv::Mat & input);
#endif // !MAT_WARPER_H_
-
mat_warper.cpp
#include"mat_warper.h"
#include <pybind11/numpy.h>
/*
Python->C++ Mat
*/
cv::Mat numpy_uint8_1c_to_cv_mat(py::array_t<unsigned char>& input) {
if (input.ndim() != 2)
throw std::runtime_error("1-channel image must be 2 dims ");
py::buffer_info buf = input.request();
cv::Mat mat(buf.shape[0], buf.shape[1], CV_8UC1, (unsigned char*)buf.ptr);
return mat;
}
cv::Mat numpy_uint8_3c_to_cv_mat(py::array_t<unsigned char>& input) {
if (input.ndim() != 3)
throw std::runtime_error("3-channel image must be 3 dims ");
py::buffer_info buf = input.request();
cv::Mat mat(buf.shape[0], buf.shape[1], CV_8UC3, (unsigned char*)buf.ptr);
return mat;
}
/*
C++ Mat ->numpy
*/
py::array_t<unsigned char> cv_mat_uint8_1c_to_numpy(cv::Mat& input) {
py::array_t<unsigned char> dst = py::array_t<unsigned char>({ input.rows,input.cols }, input.data);
return dst;
}
py::array_t<unsigned char> cv_mat_uint8_3c_to_numpy(cv::Mat& input) {
py::array_t<unsigned char> dst = py::array_t<unsigned char>({ input.rows,input.cols,3}, input.data);
return dst;
}
//PYBIND11_MODULE(cv_mat_warper, m) {
//
// m.doc() = "OpenCV Mat -> Numpy.ndarray warper";
//
// m.def("numpy_uint8_1c_to_cv_mat", &numpy_uint8_1c_to_cv_mat);
// m.def("numpy_uint8_1c_to_cv_mat", &numpy_uint8_1c_to_cv_mat);
//
//
//}
-
python中測試
python代碼
import cv2
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import demo11.cv_demo1 as cv_demo1
import numpy as np
image_rgb = cv2.imread('F:\\lena\\lena_rgb.jpg', cv2.IMREAD_UNCHANGED)
image_gray = cv2.imread('F:\\lena\\lena_gray.jpg', cv2.IMREAD_UNCHANGED)
var1 = cv_demo1.test_rgb_to_gray(image_rgb)
print(var1.shape)
plt.figure('rgb-gray')
plt.imshow(var1, cmap=plt.gray())
var2 = cv_demo1.test_gray_canny(image_gray)
plt.figure('canny')
plt.imshow(var2, cmap=plt.gray())
var3 = cv_demo1.test_pyramid_image(image_gray)
var3 = var3[1:]
plt.figure('pyramid_demo')
for i, image in enumerate(var3, 1):
plt.subplot(2, 2, i)
plt.axis('off')
plt.imshow(image, cmap=plt.gray())
plt.show()Demo2
C++
-
#include <pybind11/pybind11.h> #include <opencv2/core/core.hpp> #include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp> #include <opencv2/imgproc.hpp> #include <string> #include <iostream> #include "ndarray_converter.h" namespace py = pybind11; void show_image(cv::Mat image) { cv::imshow("image_from_Cpp", image); cv::waitKey(0); } cv::Mat read_image(std::string image_name) { cv::Mat image = cv::imread(image_name, CV_LOAD_IMAGE_COLOR); return image; } cv::Mat passthru(cv::Mat image) { return image; } cv::Mat cloneimg(cv::Mat image) { return image.clone(); } cv::Mat gaussian_blur_demo(cv::Mat& image) { cv::Mat dst; cv::GaussianBlur(image, dst, cv::Size(7, 7),1.5,1.5); return dst; } cv::Mat image_filter(cv::Mat& image, cv::Mat& kernel){ cv::Mat dst; cv::filter2D(image, dst, -1, kernel); return dst; } PYBIND11_MODULE(example,m) { NDArrayConverter::init_numpy(); m.def("read_image", &read_image, "A function that read an image", py::arg("image")); m.def("show_image", &show_image, "A function that show an image", py::arg("image")); m.def("passthru", &passthru, "Passthru function", py::arg("image")); m.def("clone", &cloneimg, "Clone function", py::arg("image")); m.def("gaussian_blur_demo", &gaussian_blur_demo); m.def("image_filter", &image_filter); }
convert_.h
# ifndef __NDARRAY_CONVERTER_H__
# define __NDARRAY_CONVERTER_H__
#include <Python.h>
#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
class NDArrayConverter {
public:
// must call this first, or the other routines don't work!
static bool init_numpy();
static bool toMat(PyObject* o, cv::Mat &m);
static PyObject* toNDArray(const cv::Mat& mat);
};
//
// Define the type converter
//
#include <pybind11/pybind11.h>
namespace pybind11 { namespace detail {
template <> struct type_caster<cv::Mat> {
public:
PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(cv::Mat, _("numpy.ndarray"));
bool load(handle src, bool) {
return NDArrayConverter::toMat(src.ptr(), value);
}
static handle cast(const cv::Mat &m, return_value_policy, handle defval) {
return handle(NDArrayConverter::toNDArray(m));
}
};
}} // namespace pybind11::detail
# endifcpp
// borrowed in spirit from https://github.com/yati-sagade/opencv-ndarray-conversion
// MIT License
#include "ndarray_converter.h"
#define NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API NPY_1_15_API_VERSION
#include <numpy/ndarrayobject.h>
#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
#define PyInt_Check PyLong_Check
#define PyInt_AsLong PyLong_AsLong
#endif
struct Tmp {
const char * name;
Tmp(const char * name ) : name(name) {}
};
Tmp info("return value");
bool NDArrayConverter::init_numpy() {
// this has to be in this file, since PyArray_API is defined as static
import_array1(false);
return true;
}
/*
* The following conversion functions are taken/adapted from OpenCV's cv2.cpp file
* inside modules/python/src2 folder (OpenCV 3.1.0)
*/
static PyObject* opencv_error = 0;
static int failmsg(const char *fmt, ...)
{
char str[1000];
va_list ap;
va_start(ap, fmt);
vsnprintf(str, sizeof(str), fmt, ap);
va_end(ap);
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, str);
return 0;
}
class PyAllowThreads
{
public:
PyAllowThreads() : _state(PyEval_SaveThread()) {}
~PyAllowThreads()
{
PyEval_RestoreThread(_state);
}
private:
PyThreadState* _state;
};
class PyEnsureGIL
{
public:
PyEnsureGIL() : _state(PyGILState_Ensure()) {}
~PyEnsureGIL()
{
PyGILState_Release(_state);
}
private:
PyGILState_STATE _state;
};
#define ERRWRAP2(expr) \
try \
{ \
PyAllowThreads allowThreads; \
expr; \
} \
catch (const cv::Exception &e) \
{ \
PyErr_SetString(opencv_error, e.what()); \
return 0; \
}
using namespace cv;
class NumpyAllocator : public MatAllocator
{
public:
NumpyAllocator() { stdAllocator = Mat::getStdAllocator(); }
~NumpyAllocator() {}
UMatData* allocate(PyObject* o, int dims, const int* sizes, int type, size_t* step) const
{
UMatData* u = new UMatData(this);
u->data = u->origdata = (uchar*)PyArray_DATA((PyArrayObject*) o);
npy_intp* _strides = PyArray_STRIDES((PyArrayObject*) o);
for( int i = 0; i < dims - 1; i++ )
step[i] = (size_t)_strides[i];
step[dims-1] = CV_ELEM_SIZE(type);
u->size = sizes[0]*step[0];
u->userdata = o;
return u;
}
UMatData* allocate(int dims0, const int* sizes, int type, void* data, size_t* step, int flags, UMatUsageFlags usageFlags) const
{
if( data != 0 )
{
CV_Error(Error::StsAssert, "The data should normally be NULL!");
// probably this is safe to do in such extreme case
return stdAllocator->allocate(dims0, sizes, type, data, step, flags, usageFlags);
}
PyEnsureGIL gil;
int depth = CV_MAT_DEPTH(type);
int cn = CV_MAT_CN(type);
const int f = (int)(sizeof(size_t)/8);
int typenum = depth == CV_8U ? NPY_UBYTE : depth == CV_8S ? NPY_BYTE :
depth == CV_16U ? NPY_USHORT : depth == CV_16S ? NPY_SHORT :
depth == CV_32S ? NPY_INT : depth == CV_32F ? NPY_FLOAT :
depth == CV_64F ? NPY_DOUBLE : f*NPY_ULONGLONG + (f^1)*NPY_UINT;
int i, dims = dims0;
cv::AutoBuffer<npy_intp> _sizes(dims + 1);
for( i = 0; i < dims; i++ )
_sizes[i] = sizes[i];
if( cn > 1 )
_sizes[dims++] = cn;
PyObject* o = PyArray_SimpleNew(dims, _sizes, typenum);
if(!o)
CV_Error_(Error::StsError, ("The numpy array of typenum=%d, ndims=%d can not be created", typenum, dims));
return allocate(o, dims0, sizes, type, step);
}
bool allocate(UMatData* u, int accessFlags, UMatUsageFlags usageFlags) const
{
return stdAllocator->allocate(u, accessFlags, usageFlags);
}
void deallocate(UMatData* u) const
{
if(!u)
return;
PyEnsureGIL gil;
CV_Assert(u->urefcount >= 0);
CV_Assert(u->refcount >= 0);
if(u->refcount == 0)
{
PyObject* o = (PyObject*)u->userdata;
Py_XDECREF(o);
delete u;
}
}
const MatAllocator* stdAllocator;
};
NumpyAllocator g_numpyAllocator;
bool NDArrayConverter::toMat(PyObject *o, Mat &m)
{
bool allowND = true;
if(!o || o == Py_None)
{
if( !m.data )
m.allocator = &g_numpyAllocator;
return true;
}
if( PyInt_Check(o) )
{
double v[] = {static_cast<double>(PyInt_AsLong((PyObject*)o)), 0., 0., 0.};
m = Mat(4, 1, CV_64F, v).clone();
return true;
}
if( PyFloat_Check(o) )
{
double v[] = {PyFloat_AsDouble((PyObject*)o), 0., 0., 0.};
m = Mat(4, 1, CV_64F, v).clone();
return true;
}
if( PyTuple_Check(o) )
{
int i, sz = (int)PyTuple_Size((PyObject*)o);
m = Mat(sz, 1, CV_64F);
for( i = 0; i < sz; i++ )
{
PyObject* oi = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(o, i);
if( PyInt_Check(oi) )
m.at<double>(i) = (double)PyInt_AsLong(oi);
else if( PyFloat_Check(oi) )
m.at<double>(i) = (double)PyFloat_AsDouble(oi);
else
{
failmsg("%s is not a numerical tuple", info.name);
m.release();
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
if( !PyArray_Check(o) )
{
failmsg("%s is not a numpy array, neither a scalar", info.name);
return false;
}
PyArrayObject* oarr = (PyArrayObject*) o;
bool needcopy = false, needcast = false;
int typenum = PyArray_TYPE(oarr), new_typenum = typenum;
int type = typenum == NPY_UBYTE ? CV_8U :
typenum == NPY_BYTE ? CV_8S :
typenum == NPY_USHORT ? CV_16U :
typenum == NPY_SHORT ? CV_16S :
typenum == NPY_INT ? CV_32S :
typenum == NPY_INT32 ? CV_32S :
typenum == NPY_FLOAT ? CV_32F :
typenum == NPY_DOUBLE ? CV_64F : -1;
if( type < 0 )
{
if( typenum == NPY_INT64 || typenum == NPY_UINT64 || typenum == NPY_LONG )
{
needcopy = needcast = true;
new_typenum = NPY_INT;
type = CV_32S;
}
else
{
failmsg("%s data type = %d is not supported", info.name, typenum);
return false;
}
}
#ifndef CV_MAX_DIM
const int CV_MAX_DIM = 32;
#endif
int ndims = PyArray_NDIM(oarr);
if(ndims >= CV_MAX_DIM)
{
failmsg("%s dimensionality (=%d) is too high", info.name, ndims);
return false;
}
int size[CV_MAX_DIM+1];
size_t step[CV_MAX_DIM+1];
size_t elemsize = CV_ELEM_SIZE1(type);
const npy_intp* _sizes = PyArray_DIMS(oarr);
const npy_intp* _strides = PyArray_STRIDES(oarr);
bool ismultichannel = ndims == 3 && _sizes[2] <= CV_CN_MAX;
for( int i = ndims-1; i >= 0 && !needcopy; i-- )
{
// these checks handle cases of
// a) multi-dimensional (ndims > 2) arrays, as well as simpler 1- and 2-dimensional cases
// b) transposed arrays, where _strides[] elements go in non-descending order
// c) flipped arrays, where some of _strides[] elements are negative
// the _sizes[i] > 1 is needed to avoid spurious copies when NPY_RELAXED_STRIDES is set
if( (i == ndims-1 && _sizes[i] > 1 && (size_t)_strides[i] != elemsize) ||
(i < ndims-1 && _sizes[i] > 1 && _strides[i] < _strides[i+1]) )
needcopy = true;
}
if( ismultichannel && _strides[1] != (npy_intp)elemsize*_sizes[2] )
needcopy = true;
if (needcopy)
{
//if (info.outputarg)
//{
// failmsg("Layout of the output array %s is incompatible with cv::Mat (step[ndims-1] != elemsize or step[1] != elemsize*nchannels)", info.name);
// return false;
//}
if( needcast ) {
o = PyArray_Cast(oarr, new_typenum);
oarr = (PyArrayObject*) o;
}
else {
oarr = PyArray_GETCONTIGUOUS(oarr);
o = (PyObject*) oarr;
}
_strides = PyArray_STRIDES(oarr);
}
// Normalize strides in case NPY_RELAXED_STRIDES is set
size_t default_step = elemsize;
for ( int i = ndims - 1; i >= 0; --i )
{
size[i] = (int)_sizes[i];
if ( size[i] > 1 )
{
step[i] = (size_t)_strides[i];
default_step = step[i] * size[i];
}
else
{
step[i] = default_step;
default_step *= size[i];
}
}
// handle degenerate case
if( ndims == 0) {
size[ndims] = 1;
step[ndims] = elemsize;
ndims++;
}
if( ismultichannel )
{
ndims--;
type |= CV_MAKETYPE(0, size[2]);
}
if( ndims > 2 && !allowND )
{
failmsg("%s has more than 2 dimensions", info.name);
return false;
}
m = Mat(ndims, size, type, PyArray_DATA(oarr), step);
m.u = g_numpyAllocator.allocate(o, ndims, size, type, step);
m.addref();
if( !needcopy )
{
Py_INCREF(o);
}
m.allocator = &g_numpyAllocator;
return true;
}
PyObject* NDArrayConverter::toNDArray(const cv::Mat& m)
{
if( !m.data )
Py_RETURN_NONE;
Mat temp, *p = (Mat*)&m;
if(!p->u || p->allocator != &g_numpyAllocator)
{
temp.allocator = &g_numpyAllocator;
ERRWRAP2(m.copyTo(temp));
p = &temp;
}
PyObject* o = (PyObject*)p->u->userdata;
Py_INCREF(o);
return o;
}參考：https://blog.csdn.net/non_hercules/article/details/105095153/