我們已知,yum upgrade命令可以將整個系統升級到最新版本。
但是很多時候,我們需要更新到指定版本,比如,當前最新的CentOS版本是7.6.1810
但是我需要更新到7.4,可以如下這樣做:
1. CentOS的repo是不維護歷史版本的。所有歷史版本都在這裏,
在OS裏,有這樣的一個repo, /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Vault.repo
裏邊是,當前版本之前的歷史版本。所以裏邊沒有7.4 。
2. 更新centos-release包,拿到7,4的vault
yum install centos-release
3 查看所有可用的repo
yum repolist all
詳見:
repo id repo name status
C7.0.1406-base/x86_64 CentOS-7.0.1406 - Base disabled
C7.0.1406-centosplus/x86_64 CentOS-7.0.1406 - CentOSPlus disabled
C7.0.1406-extras/x86_64 CentOS-7.0.1406 - Extras disabled
C7.0.1406-fasttrack/x86_64 CentOS-7.0.1406 - Fasttrack disabled
C7.0.1406-updates/x86_64 CentOS-7.0.1406 - Updates disabled
C7.1.1503-base/x86_64 CentOS-7.1.1503 - Base disabled
C7.1.1503-centosplus/x86_64 CentOS-7.1.1503 - CentOSPlus disabled
C7.1.1503-extras/x86_64 CentOS-7.1.1503 - Extras disabled
C7.1.1503-fasttrack/x86_64 CentOS-7.1.1503 - Fasttrack disabled
C7.1.1503-updates/x86_64 CentOS-7.1.1503 - Updates disabled
C7.2.1511-base/x86_64 CentOS-7.2.1511 - Base disabled
C7.2.1511-centosplus/x86_64 CentOS-7.2.1511 - CentOSPlus disabled
C7.2.1511-extras/x86_64 CentOS-7.2.1511 - Extras disabled
C7.2.1511-fasttrack/x86_64 CentOS-7.2.1511 - Fasttrack disabled
C7.2.1511-updates/x86_64 CentOS-7.2.1511 - Updates disabled
C7.3.1611-base/x86_64 CentOS-7.3.1611 - Base disabled
C7.3.1611-centosplus/x86_64 CentOS-7.3.1611 - CentOSPlus disabled
C7.3.1611-extras/x86_64 CentOS-7.3.1611 - Extras disabled
C7.3.1611-fasttrack/x86_64 CentOS-7.3.1611 - Fasttrack disabled
C7.3.1611-updates/x86_64 CentOS-7.3.1611 - Updates disabled
C7.4.1708-base/x86_64 CentOS-7.4.1708 - Base disabled
C7.4.1708-centosplus/x86_64 CentOS-7.4.1708 - CentOSPlus disabled
C7.4.1708-extras/x86_64 CentOS-7.4.1708 - Extras disabled
C7.4.1708-fasttrack/x86_64 CentOS-7.4.1708 - Fasttrack disabled
C7.4.1708-updates/x86_64 CentOS-7.4.1708 - Updates disabled
C7.5.1804-base/x86_64 CentOS-7.5.1804 - Base disabled
C7.5.1804-centosplus/x86_64 CentOS-7.5.1804 - CentOSPlus disabled
C7.5.1804-extras/x86_64 CentOS-7.5.1804 - Extras disabled
C7.5.1804-fasttrack/x86_64 CentOS-7.5.1804 - Fasttrack disabled
C7.5.1804-updates/x86_64 CentOS-7.5.1804 - Updates disabled
C7.6.1810-base/x86_64 CentOS-7.6.1810 - Base disabled
C7.6.1810-centosplus/x86_64 CentOS-7.6.1810 - CentOSPlus disabled
C7.6.1810-extras/x86_64 CentOS-7.6.1810 - Extras disabled
C7.6.1810-fasttrack/x86_64 CentOS-7.6.1810 - Fasttrack disabled
C7.6.1810-updates/x86_64 CentOS-7.6.1810 - Updates disabled
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base enabled: 10,097
base-debuginfo/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Debuginfo enabled: 7,293
base-source/7 CentOS-7 - Base Sources enabled: 0
!c7-media CentOS-7 - Media disabled
centosplus/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Plus disabled
centosplus-source/7 CentOS-7 - Plus Sources enabled: 0
cr/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - cr disabled
epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 enabled: 13,485
epel-debuginfo/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 - Debug disabled
!epel-source/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 - Source disabled
epel-testing/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - Testing - x86_64 disabled
epel-testing-debuginfo/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - Testing - x86_64 - Debug disabled
epel-testing-source/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - Testing - x86_64 - Source disabled
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras enabled: 305
extras-source/7 CentOS-7 - Extras Sources enabled: 0
fasttrack/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - fasttrack disabled
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates enabled: 953
updates-source/7 CentOS-7 - Updates Sources enabled: 0
repolist: 32,133
4 清空緩存
yum clean all
rm -f /var/cache/yum
5 安裝更新
通過對3中repo id的查詢,可用使用如下命令,進行全局更新到指定版本
yum --disablerepo='*' --enablerepo='C7.4*' upgrade
6 更新指定軟件
yum --disablerepo='*' --enablerepo='C7.4*,epel' update kernel
7 回到正確的release
centos-release是版本標識,我們應該始終保持它指示着正確的信息。
將centos-release包降級回7.4, 之後所有的默認repo便都指向了7.4。
yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="C7.4.1708-*" --enablerepo="epel*" downgrade centos-release
8 常見問題
8.1
Error: Multilib version problems found. This often means that the root
cause is something else and multilib version checking is just
pointing out that there is a problem. Eg.:
1. You have an upgrade for systemd-libs which is missing some
dependency that another package requires. Yum is trying to
solve this by installing an older version of systemd-libs of the
different architecture. If you exclude the bad architecture
yum will tell you what the root cause is (which package
requires what). You can try redoing the upgrade with
--exclude systemd-libs.otherarch ... this should give you an error
message showing the root cause of the problem.
2. You have multiple architectures of systemd-libs installed, but
yum can only see an upgrade for one of those architectures.
If you don't want/need both architectures anymore then you
can remove the one with the missing update and everything
will work.
3. You have duplicate versions of systemd-libs installed already.
You can use "yum check" to get yum show these errors.
...you can also use --setopt=protected_multilib=false to remove
this checking, however this is almost never the correct thing to
do as something else is very likely to go wrong (often causing
much more problems).
Protected multilib versions: systemd-libs-219-42.el7_4.10.i686 != systemd-libs-219-57.el7.x86_64
Error: Protected multilib versions: elfutils-libs-0.168-8.el7.i686 != elfutils-libs-0.170-4.el7.x86_64
Error: Protected multilib versions: libselinux-2.5-11.el7.i686 != libselinux-2.5-14.1.el7.x86_64
Error: Protected multilib versions: elfutils-libelf-0.168-8.el7.i686 != elfutils-libelf-0.170-4.el7.x86_64
Error: Protected multilib versions: pam-1.1.8-18.el7.i686 != pam-1.1.8-22.el7.x86_64
Error: Protected multilib versions: nss-softokn-freebl-3.28.3-8.el7_4.i686 != nss-softokn-freebl-3.36.0-5.el7_5.x86_64
Error: Protected multilib versions: libsepol-2.5-6.el7.i686 != libsepol-2.5-10.el7.x86_64
沒有解決。。。