1.Oracle PRELUDE(前奏)
windows+Ràcmd：START LISTENER：lsnrctl start [listener name]
START SERVICE：oradim –starup –sid orcl
SYS LOGIN： sqlplus / as sysdba;
控制面板à管理工具à服務àOracleOraDb11g_home2TNListenerà啓動
OracleServiceORCLà啓動
2.sys LOGIN
window+Ràsqlplus:
FIRST LOGIN : sqlplus(with out ‘conn’ or ‘;’)
Super user：sys/ysjian as sysdba ( / as sysdba )
Nomal user：scott/tigger
Switch user to login：conn sys/ysjian as sysdba;
3.The Operations following of super user
CRARTE USER：create user ysjian indetified by ysjian //創建用戶ysjian/ysjian
ALTER PASSWORD：alter user ysjian identified by 000 //更改祕密
ALTER STATE OF USER：alter user scott account unlock //給scott用戶解鎖
alter user scott account lock //給scott用戶加鎖
show user; //顯示當前用戶，任何用戶都可以用
select * from tab; //查詢當前用戶的所有的表
desc tableName;//查詢表結構
select * from v$nls_parameters; //查詢系統參數
drop user ysjian cascade; //強制刪除，有數據也可以刪除
disconn //斷開連接
GRANT RIGHT(授權):
System right(系統權限)：
EXPRESSION: grant 權限名稱 to 用戶名
revoke 權限名稱 from 用戶名
grant create session,create table,create sequence to ysjian
grant connect to ysjian //用戶ysjian可以登錄
grant resource to ysjian//用戶ysjian可以使用數據庫相關資源
grant unlimited tablespace to ysjian //用戶ysjian具有不受限表空間 grant create any table to public // 所有用戶有創建表的權限
//用戶ysjian //可以傳遞此權限
grant alter any table to ysjian with admin optio
//用戶ysjian可以查詢scott用戶的emp表
grant select on scott.emp to ysjian
Object right(對象權限)
conn scott/tigger; //用戶scott登錄
grant select on emp to ysjian; //將對emp的查詢權限給了ysjian
grant insert on emp to ysjian;
grant update on emp to ysjian;
grant delete on emp to ysjian;
grant all on emp to ysjian; //將對emp的所有權限給了ysjian
grant update(ename) on emp to ysjian; //將對emp中name字段更新的權限授予ysjian
grant insert(id) on emp to ysjian;
revoke all on mytable from wangwu; //將ysjian對emp的所有權限撤銷
//用戶ysjian可以講對scotte mp表的查詢功能傳遞下去
grant select on emp to ysjian with grant option;
4.DICTIONARY OF DATA
Select * from user_sys_privs; //查詢當前用戶擁有的系統權限
Select * from user_tab_privs;// 查詢當前用戶擁有的對象權限
Select * from user_col_privs;//查詢當前用戶控制到列的權限
5.BASIC QUERY (基本查詢)
conn scott/tigger; the following operations is done by scott
//1.查詢scott所有的表
Select * from tab;
//2.查詢emp表所有的記錄
Select * from emp;
//3.查詢emp表的empno，enamel，job，sal
Select empno,ename,job,sal from emp;
//4. 查詢emp表的empno，enamel，job，sal,並起別名
Select empno as 編號,ename as 姓名,job as 工作,sal as 薪水 from emp;
//5.查詢emp中的job，並去除重複項，用關鍵字distinct
Select distinct job from emp;
//6.查詢enpmop，ename，job，顯示效果：編號：7369,姓名：Smith
Select ‘編號:’||empno,’姓名:’||ename,’工作:’||job from emp;
//7.查詢員工的編號，姓名，工作和年薪，空值判斷nvl(comm,0)
Select empno,ename,job,(sal+nvl(comm,0))*12 from emp;;
//8.查詢工資大於1500的僱員
Select * from emp where sal>1500;
//9.查詢能得到獎金的所有僱員
Select * from emp where comm is not null and comm>0;
//10.查詢工資大於1500或可以得到獎金的所有僱員
Select * from emp where sal>1500 or (comm is not null and comm>0);
//11.查詢工資大於1500並且可以得到獎金的僱員
Select * from emp where sal>1500 and comm is not null and comm>0;
//12.查詢工資大於1500或者不可以領取獎金的僱員
Select * from emp where sal >1500 or comm is null or comm=0;
//13.查詢工資在1500到3000只見所有的僱員
Select * from emp where sal between 1500 and 3000;
//14.查詢在1981年僱傭的員工
Select * from emp where hiredate lile ‘%81’;
Select * from emp where hiredate between ’01-1月-81 and ’01-1月-82’;
//15.查詢員工姓名中第二個字母爲’M’的僱員
Select * from emp where ename like ‘_M%’;
//16.查詢工資帶8字的員工
Select * from emp where sal like ‘%8%’;
//17.查詢編號是7396,7399,7521,7799的僱員信息
Select * from emp where empno in(7396,7399,7521,7799);
//18. 查詢編號不7396,7399,7521,7799的僱員信息
Select * from emp where empno not in 7396,7399,7521,7799);
//19.查詢員工編號不爲7396的僱員
Select * from emp where empno <> 7396;
//20.查詢員工，並按工資的升序排列(asc,默認)
Select * from emp order by sal asc;
//21.查詢員工，並按工資的降序排列(desc)
Select * from emp order by sal desc;
//union:將兩表記錄合併，去點重複項
Select distinct deptno from emp union select deptno from dept;
//union all:將兩表記錄合併，不去除重複項
Select distinct deptno from emp union all select deptno form dept;
//intersect:取兩個集合的交集
Select * from deptno from emp intersect select deptno from dept;
//minus:去掉交集
Select * from deptno from emp minus select deptno from dept;
6.ADVANCED QUERY(高級查詢)
//1.聚合函數 count,sum,mix,max,avg
Select count(*) from emp;
//2.內連接(inner join)(兩表數據的交集):查詢員工的姓名，工資和隸屬的部門名稱
Select ename ,sal,dname from emp,dept where emp.deptno = dept.deptno;
Select ename,sal,dname from emp inner join dept on emp.deptno=dept.deptno;
//3.左連接(left join)(左表爲主，右表沒有填充null)
Select ename,sal,dname from emp left join dept on emp.deptno=dept.deptno;
Select ename,sal,dname from emp,dept where emp.deptno=dept.deptno(+);
//4.右連接(right join)(右表爲主，左表沒有填充null)
Select ename,sal,dname from emp right join dept on emp.deptno=dept.deptno;
Select ename,sal.dname form emp,dept where emp.deptno(+)=dept.deptno;
//5.全連接(full join)(左右表所有數據均出現，對方沒有的用null填充)
Select ename,sal,dname from emp full join dept on emp.deptno=dept.deptno;
//6.交叉連接(cross join)(笛卡爾乘積)
Select ename,sal,dname from emp cross join dept on emp.deptno=dept.deptno;
//7.自然連接(natural join)(笛卡爾乘積)
Select ename,sal,danme from emp natural join dept on emp.deptno=dept.deptno;
//8.子查詢，查詢工資最高的員工的姓名，工資以及隸屬的部門名稱
Select emp.ename,emp.sal,dept.dname from emp,dept where
emp.deptno=dept.deptno and emp.sal= (select max(sal) from emp);
//9分組函數(group by),查詢平均工資大於2000的部門編號,having 出現在group by 後面
Select deptno from emp group by deptno having avg(sal)>2000;
//10.分組函數,查詢平均工資大於2000的部門編號和部門名稱
Select deptno,dename from dept where deptno in(select deptno from emp group by
deptno having avg(sal)>2000)
select current_date from dual //日期函數,dual是Oracle中一張虛擬的表
select to_date(‘2013-1-24’,’yyyy-mm-dd’) from dual;//日期轉換函數：24-1月 -13
select to_char(hiredate,’yyyy-mm-dd’) from emp;//將日期轉換成字符串
select to_number(‘10000’) from dual;//將字符串轉換爲數字
PAGE DIVIDSIOIN QUERY(分頁查詢，分頁單位爲3)
第一頁：rownum(1,2,3)
Select * from emp where rownum <4;
第二頁：rownum(4,5,6)
Select * from emp where rownum>3 and rownum < 7 //結果爲空,沒有記錄
Select * from (select rownum rn,emp.* from emp where rownum<7 ) where rn>3;
第三頁：rownum(7,8,9)
Select * from(select rownum rn,emp.* from emp where rownum<10) where rn >6;
第n頁：
Select * from(select rownum rn,emp.* from emp where rownum<3*n+1) where
rn>(n-1)*3
JDBC IN ORACLE(Oracle與數據庫的連接)
class JdbcInOracle{
//實際開發中，下面發放是封裝的，結果也是單獨封裝的
public void jdbc (){
try{
Class.forName(“oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver”);
String url = “jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl”;
String username = “scott”;
String password = “ysjian”;
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url,username,password);
String sql = “select * from emp where empno=?”;
PreparedStatement pstm = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
pstm.setObject(7396);
ResultSet rs = pstm.executeQuery();
if(rs.next()){
int deptno = rs.getInt(“deptno”);
String ename = rs.getString(“ename”);
}
}catch(ClassNotFoundException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(SQLException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}