gitlab搭建與基本使用

一、git、github、gitlab的區別
Git是版本控制系統，Github是在線的基於Git的代碼託管服務。
GitHub是2008年由Ruby on Rails編寫而成。GitHub同時提供付費賬戶和免費賬戶。這兩種賬戶都可以創建公開的代碼倉庫，只有付費賬戶可以創建私有的代碼倉庫。
Gitlab解決了這個問題, 可以在上面創建免費的私人repo。
二、gitlab server搭建過程

[root@vm1 ~]#  yum install -y curl openssh-server openssh-clients postfix cronie policycoreutils-python
//10.x以後開始依賴policycoreutils-python
[root@vm1 ~]# systemctl start postfix
[root@vm1 ~]# systemctl enable postfix

gitlab的下載地址：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gitlab-ce/yum/el7/
安裝gitlab：

[root@vm1 ~]# rpm -ivh gitlab-ce-10.7.2-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: gitlab-ce-10.7.2-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID f27eab47: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:gitlab-ce-10.7.2-ce.0.el7        ################################# [100%]
It looks like GitLab has not been configured yet; skipping the upgrade script.

       *.                  *.
      ***                 ***
     *****               *****
    .******             *******
    ********            ********
   ,,,,,,,,,***********,,,,,,,,,
  ,,,,,,,,,,,*********,,,,,,,,,,,
  .,,,,,,,,,,,*******,,,,,,,,,,,,
      ,,,,,,,,,*****,,,,,,,,,.
         ,,,,,,,****,,,,,,
            .,,,***,,,,
                ,*,.

     _______ __  __          __
    / ____(_) /_/ /   ____ _/ /_
   / / __/ / __/ /   / __ `/ __ \
  / /_/ / / /_/ /___/ /_/ / /_/ /
  \____/_/\__/_____/\__,_/_.___/

Thank you for installing GitLab!
GitLab was unable to detect a valid hostname for your instance.
Please configure a URL for your GitLab instance by setting `external_url`
configuration in /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb file.
Then, you can start your GitLab instance by running the following command:
  sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure

For a comprehensive list of configuration options please see the Omnibus GitLab readme
https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/blob/master/README.md

[root@vm1 ~]#

gitlab的配置文件 /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb， 編輯如下：

[root@vm1 ~]# vim /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb 
[root@vm1 ~]# grep "^external_url" /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
external_url 'http://192.168.60.119'   綁定監聽的域名或IP（企業中最好是域名)
[root@vm1 ~]# 

使用gitlab-ctl reconfigure 自動配置，並安裝數據庫，初始化信息，如下所示(第一次使用配置時間較長)：

[root@vm1 ~]# gitlab-ctl reconfigure   <生成 /var/opt/gitlab/ 各種子配置, 該命令建議僅在初始化時使用一次> 
.....

注: 第一次初始化後會產生當前gitlab的配置文件 /var/opt/gitlab/gitlab-rails/etc/gitlab.yml ，在後期維護的過程中儘量配置 /var/opt/gitlab/gitlab-rails/etc/gitlab.yml 文件，然後gitlab-ctl restart 即可生效新的配置；如果沒有必要不建議做第二次初始化。
使用gitlab-ctl start 啓動gitlab服務，如下所示：

[root@vm1 ~]# gitlab-ctl start
ok: run: gitaly: (pid 22896) 2922s
ok: run: gitlab-monitor: (pid 22914) 2921s
ok: run: gitlab-workhorse: (pid 22882) 2922s
ok: run: logrotate: (pid 22517) 2987s
ok: run: nginx: (pid 22500) 2993s
ok: run: node-exporter: (pid 22584) 2974s
ok: run: postgres-exporter: (pid 22946) 2919s
ok: run: postgresql: (pid 22250) 3047s
ok: run: prometheus: (pid 22931) 2920s
ok: run: redis: (pid 22190) 3053s
ok: run: redis-exporter: (pid 22732) 2962s
ok: run: sidekiq: (pid 22472) 3005s
ok: run: unicorn: (pid 22433) 3011s
[root@vm1 ~]# 
[root@vm1 ~]# lsof -i:80
COMMAND   PID       USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
nginx   22500       root    7u  IPv4  50923      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
nginx   22501 gitlab-www    7u  IPv4  50923      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
[root@vm1 ~]# 

修改配置文件，添加smtp郵件功能

[root@vm1 ~]# vim /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
[root@vm1 ~]# grep -P "^[^#].*smtp_|user_email|gitlab_email" /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_enabled'] = true
gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_from'] = '[email protected]'
gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_display_name'] = 'Admin'
gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_reply_to'] = '[email protected]'
gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_subject_suffix'] = '[gitlab]'
gitlab_rails['smtp_enable'] = true
gitlab_rails['smtp_address'] = "smtp.exmail.qq.com"
gitlab_rails['smtp_port'] = 25 
gitlab_rails['smtp_user_name'] = "[email protected]"
gitlab_rails['smtp_password'] = "password"
gitlab_rails['smtp_domain'] = "domain.cn"
gitlab_rails['smtp_authentication'] = "login"
gitlab_rails['smtp_enable_starttls_auto'] = true
gitlab_rails['smtp_tls'] = false
user['git_user_email'] = "[email protected]"

[root@vm1 ~]# gitlab-ctl reconfigure
......

[root@vm1 ~]# gitlab-ctl stop
ok: down: gitaly: 0s, normally up
ok: down: gitlab-monitor: 1s, normally up
ok: down: gitlab-workhorse: 0s, normally up
ok: down: logrotate: 1s, normally up
ok: down: nginx: 0s, normally up
ok: down: node-exporter: 1s, normally up
ok: down: postgres-exporter: 0s, normally up
ok: down: postgresql: 0s, normally up
ok: down: prometheus: 0s, normally up
ok: down: redis: 0s, normally up
ok: down: redis-exporter: 1s, normally up
ok: down: sidekiq: 0s, normally up
ok: down: unicorn: 1s, normally up

[root@vm1 ~]# gitlab-ctl start
ok: run: gitaly: (pid 37603) 0s
ok: run: gitlab-monitor: (pid 37613) 0s
ok: run: gitlab-workhorse: (pid 37625) 0s
ok: run: logrotate: (pid 37631) 0s
ok: run: nginx: (pid 37639) 1s
ok: run: node-exporter: (pid 37644) 0s
ok: run: postgres-exporter: (pid 37648) 1s
ok: run: postgresql: (pid 37652) 0s
ok: run: prometheus: (pid 37660) 1s
ok: run: redis: (pid 37668) 0s
ok: run: redis-exporter: (pid 37746) 0s
ok: run: sidekiq: (pid 37750) 1s
ok: run: unicorn: (pid 37757) 0s

使用gitlab-rails console命令進行發送郵件測試，如下所示：

[root@vm1 ~]# gitlab-rails console 
Loading production environment (Rails 4.2.10)
irb(main):001:0>  Notify.test_email('[email protected]', 'Message Subject', 'Message Body').deliver_now

Notify#test_email: processed outbound mail in 2219.5ms

Sent mail to [email protected] (2469.5ms)
Date: Fri, 04 May 2018 15:50:10 +0800
From: Admin <[email protected]>
Reply-To: Admin <[email protected]>
To: [email protected]
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
Subject: Message Subject
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/html;
 charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Auto-Submitted: auto-generated
X-Auto-Response-Suppress: All

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd">
<html><body><p>Message Body</p></body></html>

=> #<Mail::Message:70291731344240, Multipart: false, Headers: <Date: Fri, 04 May 2018 15:50:10 +0800>, <From: Admin <[email protected]>>, <Reply-To: Admin <[email protected]>>, <To: [email protected]>, <Message-ID: <[email protected]>>, <Subject: Message Subject>, <Mime-Version: 1.0>, <Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8>, <Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit>, <Auto-Submitted: auto-generated>, <X-Auto-Response-Suppress: All>>
irb(main):002:0>quit
[root@vm1 ~]# 

三、gitlab的使用
在瀏覽器中輸入 http://192.168.60.119/ ，然後 change password: ，並使用root用戶登錄 即可 (後續動作根據提示操作)
修改密碼也可以：gitlab-rails console production
irb(main):001:0> user = User.where(id: 1).first // id爲1的是超級管理員
irb(main):002:0>user.password = 'yourpassword' // 密碼必須至少8個字符
irb(main):003:0>user.save! // 如沒有問題 返回true
exit // 退出

如果需要手工修改nginx的port ，可以在gitlab.rb中設置 nginx['listen_port'] = 8000 ，然後再次 gitlab-ctl reconfigure即可

登錄gitlab 如下所示：

創建 group ，組名爲plat-sp ,如下所示:

去掉用戶的自動註冊功能：
admin are -> settings -> Sign-up Restrictions 去掉鉤鉤，然後拉到最下面保存，重新登錄

創建用戶Tompson如下所示：

同樣的方法，再創建Eric 、Hellen 用戶。用戶添加完畢後，gitlab會給用戶發一封修改密碼的郵件，各用戶需要登錄自己的郵箱，並點擊相關的鏈接，設置新密碼。

將用戶添加到組中，並指定Tompson爲本組的owner：

同樣的方法將用戶Eric、Hellen也添加到組中，並指定他們爲Developer：

使用Tompson用戶的身份與密碼登錄到gitlab界面中，並創建Project ，如下所示：

指定項目的存儲路徑和項目名稱，如下所示

爲項目創建Dev分支，如下所示：

在 client 上添加Tompson的用戶：

[root@vm2 ~]# useradd Tompson
[root@vm2 ~]# useradd Eric
[root@vm2 ~]# useradd Hellen
[root@vm2 ~]# su - Tompson
[Tompson@vm2 ~]$ ssh-keygen -C [email protected]
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/Tompson/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Created directory '/home/Tompson/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /home/Tompson/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/Tompson/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:SAoAH2zSxqEJqVgKKrxM5XMi6tKe61JMRdwMhwBNIrE [email protected]
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|XX==o=.          |
|*BOo+.o          |
|E*=.  .          |
|*+.= + .         |
|=oo = . S        |
|.oo              |
|.o               |
|o...             |
|.+=.             |
+----[SHA256]-----+
[Tompson@vm2 ~]$ cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub 
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDZ8cRGHej+sZzlmK36W5MUXMLOGdTwFI9Jj44mGuabZCrlYW4GDpL6ppezN+Sur0wHtnKonYJzm8ntqS0S0UHyaPPQPl9Mrs/6Z4VrXZ/4RlqHdWeSrmOwCBQld0l8HvrmP4TyGHrOreO8uZqimd/Z+OiMqnYRZzENX11Pti/Px5g1MtJcoCi9uLtF42QYrt1X/fzAyPU9C5/5ZUq4Jln3EF20bzcA52oAzZIl0jrhI0TeTeW6zYq+KxdHGshL+qG7+Ne+akPOe4Ma5BQjcMZ2dQ2kbGuozXmLT8RDcj9YRKceQsUdTI71lJpwrWKGn8Vhra0EaK3hgoTuvMYaGfOF [email protected]

將Tompson的公鑰複製到gitlab中： 使用Tompson用戶的身份與密碼登錄到gitlab界面中，然後在ssh-key中添加 相關的key ，如下所示：

爲Tompson用戶配置git ，如下所示：

[Tompson@vm2 ~]$ git config --global user.email "[email protected]"
[Tompson@vm2 ~]$ git config --global user.name "Tompson"

[Tompson@vm2 ~]$ git clone [email protected]:plat-sp/chathall.git
Cloning into 'chathall'...
The authenticity of host '192.168.60.119 (192.168.60.119)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:CDxAQmj6gUkIxB6XUofbZ853GuPM5LS2QO4a5dD7jRo.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:4e:20:72:a7:46:c6:d7:5d:bb:9d:ce:c3:f3:da:43:f9.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.60.119' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
remote: Counting objects: 3, done.
remote: Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Receiving objects: 100% (3/3), done.
[Tompson@vm2 ~]$ 
[Tompson@vm2 ~]$ cd chathall/
[Tompson@vm2 chathall]$ ls
Readme.txt
[Tompson@vm2 chathall]$

創建一下新文件，添加內容，並提交到master分支:

[Tompson@vm2 chathall]$ vim test.sh
[Tompson@vm2 chathall]$ cat test.sh 
#!/bin/bash
echo "gitlab test"
[Tompson@vm2 chathall]$ git add . 
[Tompson@vm2 chathall]$ git commit -m '201805101649'
[master 80edf6b] 201805101649
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 test.sh
[Tompson@vm2 chathall]$ 
[Tompson@vm2 chathall]$ git push -u origin master 
Counting objects: 4, done.
Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 305 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To [email protected]:plat-sp/chathall.git
   4611654..80edf6b  master -> master
Branch master set up to track remote branch master from origin.
[Tompson@vm2 chathall]$ 

使用Eric用戶登錄，並clone 項目，如下所示：

[root@vm2 ~]# su - Eric
[Eric@vm2 ~]$ ssh-keygen -C [email protected]
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/Eric/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Created directory '/home/Eric/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /home/Eric/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/Eric/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:VZaJvjA5SJZEB+yuRpDBNHCECCZ5R8X0DYcNE0f1B6E [email protected]
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|*O=..B*o**+o+oo. |
|*.+.. *o.*oooo . |
| . + + ..oo E . .|
|  o   o =..    . |
|   . .  S+ .     |
|    . .   .      |
|   . .           |
|    o            |
|   .             |
+----[SHA256]-----+

[Eric@vm2 ~]$ cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub 
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDxQcn4UjRW/5PT5witeV9+S2w8WK5ouawHxEF7s9wuWsT4pqhcu5BN74NG3CPaq1jJZnkV+aQsTw+60BAd1gOK0FBbKWxmohmE61n9vfpUT5igJ72t2jpXjfKwLIHw+Iq5yM4yUhkwSsoBuZkxYSEltnj8OvXaOlCDYnXuGBa9+xO8f5yVIcOtiwRvv+Y1PRRzSIcazPVZax9FLK26t1R4NPiY4xWkIJyK2OrKMeiaBBzyMfWzHdmsCWa51oSrYSmz3PDBXpzIBs3OdKxcaJs9Lc5u87YCV5RMUjLrPcA7nPK6crOabLXhz3d5GSYggMTOByQkyKOo7WlYpARCHOt/ [email protected]
[Eric@vm2 ~]$ 

同樣需要使用Eric用戶登錄gitlab web 界面，並添加相應的ssh-key。然後設置git ，並clone項目：

[Eric@vm2 ~]$ git config --global user.email "[email protected]"
[Eric@vm2 ~]$ git config --global user.name "Eric"
[Eric@vm2 ~]$ git clone [email protected]:plat-sp/chathall.git
Cloning into 'chathall'...
The authenticity of host '192.168.60.119 (192.168.60.119)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:CDxAQmj6gUkIxB6XUofbZ853GuPM5LS2QO4a5dD7jRo.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:4e:20:72:a7:46:c6:d7:5d:bb:9d:ce:c3:f3:da:43:f9.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
remote: Counting objects: 6, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.
remote: Total 6 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Receiving objects: 100% (6/6), done.
[Eric@vm2 ~]$ 

切換到dev分支，修改文件內容，並將新code提交到dev分支(Developer角色默認並沒有提交master的權限)：

[Eric@vm2 chathall]$ git checkout dev 
Branch dev set up to track remote branch dev from origin.
Switched to a new branch 'dev'
[Eric@vm2 chathall]$ ls
Readme.txt  test.sh
[Eric@vm2 chathall]$ vim test.sh 
[Eric@vm2 chathall]$ cat test.sh 
#!/bin/bash
echo "gitlab test"
echo "brahch test"
[Eric@vm2 chathall]$ git add . 
[Eric@vm2 chathall]$ git commit -m '201805101658'
[dev 6687039] 201805101658
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
[Eric@vm2 chathall]$ git push -u origin dev 
Counting objects: 5, done.
Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 306 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: 
remote: To create a merge request for dev, visit:
remote:   http://192.168.60.119/plat-sp/chathall/merge_requests/new?merge_request%5Bsource_branch%5D=dev
remote: 
To [email protected]:plat-sp/chathall.git
   80edf6b..6687039  dev -> dev
Branch dev set up to track remote branch dev from origin.
[Eric@vm2 chathall]$
[Eric@vm2 chathall]$ git checkout master 
Switched to branch 'master'
[Eric@vm2 chathall]$ git branch 
  dev
* master
[Eric@vm2 chathall]$

使用Eric 用戶登錄gitlab web，在界面中 創建一個合併請求：

提×××並請求：

然後使用Tompson用戶登錄 gitlab web ，找到“合併請求” ，然後將dev分支合併到master分支，如下所示：

大部分公司的處理流程如下：
PM在gitlab創建任務，分配給開發人員
開發人員領取任務後，在本地使用git clone拉取代碼庫
開發人員創建開發分支（git checkout -b dev），並進行開發
開發人員完成之後，提交到本地倉庫（git commit ）
開發人員在gitlab界面上申請分支合併請求（Merge request）
PM在gitlab上查看提交和代碼修改情況，確認無誤後，確認將開發人員的分支合併到主分支（master）
開發人員在gitlab上Mark done確認開發完成，並關閉issue。這一步在提×××並請求時可以通過描述中填寫"close #1"等字樣，可以直接關閉issue