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apache 常用的功能，虛擬主機
一：虛擬Web主機
- 在同一臺服務器中運行多個Web站點，其中每一個站點並不獨立佔用一臺真正的計算機
1.1 httpd支持的虛擬主機類型（三種）
- 基於域名的類型
- 基於IP地址的虛擬主機
- 基於端口的虛擬主機
例如：
www.kgc.om
www.accp.com
IP相同，端口相同
IP不同，端口相同
IP相同，端口不通
二：構建虛擬主機基於域名的實驗
2.1.1 安裝軟件包
[root@localhost ~]# yum install bind httpd -y
Package 32:bind-9.11.4-9.P2.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do2.1.2 關閉防火牆增強服務
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost ~]# 2.1.3 配置dns
配置dns全局配置文件/etc/named.conf
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.conf
options {
listen-on port 53 { any; };
listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
recursing-file "/var/named/data/named.recursing";
secroots-file "/var/named/data/named.secroots";
allow-query { any; };配置dns區域配置文件/etc/named.rfc1912.zones
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
zone "kgc.com" IN {
type master;
file "kgc.com.zone";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "accp.com" IN {
type master;
file "accp.com.zone";
allow-update { none; };
}; 修改dns的區域數據文件
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/named/
[root@localhost named]# ls
data dynamic named.ca named.empty named.localhost named.loopback slaves
[root@localhost named]# cp -p named.localhost kgc.com.zone
[root@localhost named]# vim kgc.com.zone
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA @ rname.invalid. (
0 ; serial
1D ; refresh
1H ; retry
1W ; expire
3H ) ; minimum
NS @
A 127.0.0.1
www IN A 192.168.247.150
~ [root@localhost named]# cp -p kgc.com.zone accp.com.zone
修改完畢，啓動dns服務
[root@localhost named]# systemctl start named爲客戶機配置好dns，去進行測試服務是否生效
nslookup 解析成功
2.1.4 創建虛擬主機配置文件，位置在/etc/httpd/conf/extra/，爲了簡明之意，文件名設爲vhost.conf
[root@localhost httpd]# ls
conf conf.d conf.modules.d logs modules run
[root@localhost httpd]# ls -l
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 37 Dec 12 14:45 conf
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 82 Dec 12 14:45 conf.d
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 146 Dec 12 14:45 conf.modules.d
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 19 Dec 12 14:45 logs -> ../../var/log/httpd
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 29 Dec 12 14:45 modules -> ../../usr/lib64/httpd/modules
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Dec 12 14:45 run -> /run/httpd
[root@localhost httpd]#
[root@localhost httpd]# cd conf
[root@localhost conf]# ls
httpd.conf magic
[root@localhost conf]# mkdir extra
[root@localhost conf]# cd extra/
[root@localhost extra]# ls
[root@localhost extra]#
/etc/httpd/conf/extra/vhost.conf文件中
- 指的是所有的ip地址同過80端口都可以訪問
DocumentRoot “是web站點目錄”
ServerName “站點服務域名”
Errorlog “指定錯誤日誌路徑”
Customlog “指定訪問日誌路徑” 後面跟common擴展工具
指定詳細配置的目錄名，可以發現是web站點目錄的父目錄
允許所有用戶主機的所有訪問權限 //後面由此還會擴展更多的配置屬性[root@localhost extra]# vim vhost.conf 1 <VirtualHost *:80> 2 DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/kgc" 3 ServerName www.kgc.com 4 Errorlog "logs/www.kgc.com.error_log" 5 Customlog "logs/www.kgc.comaccess_log" common 6 <Directory "/var/www/html"> 7 Require all granted 8 </Directory> 9 </VirtualHost> 10 11 <VirtualHost *:80> 12 DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/accp" 13 ServerName www.accp.com 14 Errorlog "logs/www.accp.com.error_log" 15 Customlog "logs/www.accp.comaccess_log" common 16 <Directory "/var/www/html"> 17 Require all granted 18 </Directory> 19 </VirtualHost>
### 2.1.5 創建兩個web站點的首頁，首頁文件index.html在/var/www/html下面的站點目錄中
```bash
[root@localhost extra]# cd /var/
[root@localhost var]# ls
account cache db games kerberos local log named opt run target www
adm crash empty gopher lib lock mail nis preserve spool tmp yp
[root@localhost var]# cd www
[root@localhost www]# ls
cgi-bin html
[root@localhost www]# cd html
[root@localhost html]# ls
[root@localhost html]# mkdir kgc accp
[root@localhost html]# ls
accp kgc
[root@localhost html]# echo "this is accp web" > accp/index.html
[root@localhost html]# echo "this is kgc web" > kgc/index.html
[root@localhost html]# tree accp kgc
accp
└── index.html
kgc
└── index.html
0 directories, 2 files
[root@localhost html]#
2.1.7 重點：需要把extra的路徑加入到主配置文件中，啓動時纔可以識別
[root@localhost html]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
354 Include conf/extra/vhost.conf2.1.8 開啓服務，查看服務端口
[root@localhost html]# systemctl start httpd
[root@localhost html]# netstat -natp | grep httpd
tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 79262/httpd 2.1.9 在客戶機驗證
三：構建虛擬主機————基於端口的實驗
以上個實驗爲基礎，進行端口不通的虛擬主機的配置
3.1.1 修改虛擬web主機的配置文件，增加一項8080端口的參數，爲了區別站點，需要把站點文件名修改作以區分，不會覆蓋
[root@localhost html]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/extra/vhost.conf
//複製修改增加
11 <VirtualHost *:8080>
12 DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/kgc02"
13 ServerName www.kgc02.com
14 Errorlog "logs/www.kgc02.com.error_log"
15 Customlog "logs/www.kgc02.comaccess_log" common
16 <Directory "/var/www/html">
17 Require all granted
18 </Directory>
19 </VirtualHost>
[root@localhost html]# ls
accp kgc
[root@localhost html]# cp -p kgc kgc02
cp: omitting directory ‘kgc’
[root@localhost html]# mkdir kgc02
[root@localhost html]# echo "this is web kgc02" >kgc02/index.html
[root@localhost html]#
3.1.2 增加了端口，也就增加了監聽地址，監聽地址的修改在主配置文件/etc/httpd/conf/httpd/conf中
[root@localhost html]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
41 Listen 192.168.247.150:80
42 Listen 192.168.247.150:8080
43 #Listen 80
3.1.3 重啓服務，驗證接口是否開啓
[root@localhost html]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost html]# netstat -napt | grep httpd
tcp 0 0 192.168.247.150:8080 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 91814/httpd
tcp 0 0 192.168.247.150:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 91814/httpd 3.1.4 查看驗證，IP地址一樣，端口不一樣
四：構建虛擬主機————基於IP不同的實驗
4.1.1 添加網卡，創建幾個不同的IP地址的虛擬web主機就需要增加幾個網卡
[root@localhost html]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.247.150 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.247.255
ens36: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.247.158 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.247.255
驗證網卡是否聯網
4.1.2 修改虛擬web主機的配置文件
備註：當服務器中使用不同IP的虛擬web主機時，/etc/httpd/conf/extra/vhost.conf文件中的IP地址需要具象到一個固定的IP地址，不可以再用*通配符號，以免混淆
[root@localhost html]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/extra/vhost.conf
<VirtualHost 192.168.247.158:80>
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/accpaccp"
ServerName www.accpaccp.com
Errorlog "logs/www.accpaccp.com.error_log"
Customlog "logs/www.accpaccp.comaccess_log" common
<Directory "/var/www/html">
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>4.1.3 創建新建的虛擬web站點目錄
[root@localhost html]# ls
accp accp02 kgc kgc02
[root@localhost html]# mkdir accpaccp
[root@localhost html]# echo "this is 192.168.247.158" > accpaccp/index.html4.1.4 修改主配置文件，增加監聽地址
[root@localhost html]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Listen 192.168.247.158:804.1.5 重啓httpd服務
[root@localhost html]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost html]# netstat -natp | grep httpd
tcp 0 0 192.168.247.150:8080 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 123662/httpd
tcp 0 0 192.168.247.158:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 123662/httpd
tcp 0 0 192.168.247.150:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 123662/httpd 4.1.6 客戶機驗證
#####因爲沒有配置dns解析，所以需要輸入IP地址去進入網站，接下來增加這個ip地址的域名解析
4.1.7 修改dns配置文件
/etc/named.rfc1912.zones文件
[root@localhost html]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
zone "accpaccp.com" IN {
type master;
file "accpaccp.com.zone";
allow-update { none; };
};/var/named/目錄，創建對應的區域數據文件
[root@localhost html]# cd /var/named
[root@localhost named]# ls
accp.com.zone data dynamic kgc.com.zone named.ca named.empty named.localhost named.loopback slaves
[root@localhost named]# cp -p accp.com.zone accpaccp.com.zone
[root@localhost named]# vim accpaccp.com.zone
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA @ rname.invalid. (
0 ; serial
1D ; refresh
1H ; retry
1W ; expire
3H ) ; minimum
NS @
A 127.0.0.1
www IN A 192.168.247.1584.1.8 重啓域名解析服務
[root@localhost named]# systemctl restart named
五：創建站點內的超鏈接
5.1 修改首頁
[root@localhost named]# vim /var/www/html/accpaccp/index.html
<html>
<head>
<title>hello world</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1><a href="http://www.accp.com/index.html">hello world</a></h1>
</body>
</html>5.2 客戶機測試，當然，還需要在重啓HTTPD服務
[root@localhost named]# systemctl restart httpd
