在英語中,besides、but、except、except for、except that和except when都可表示“除……外”之意,但是它們的含義和用法各不相同,不能混淆。現編如下口訣,以幫助正確地區別與使用:
辨析“除外”看含義, “包括在內”besides①。
except、but“不包括”, “除去”後面名代詞②。
but前有不定詞, 後面常跟不定式③。
except that接從句④, except for不同質⑤。
表“時間”when連詞⑥, 巧別except衆兄弟。
說明:
①besides表示“除……外,還有”,即包括後面人或物在內,相當於as well as。例:
1)I asked the teacher a lot of questions besides(as well as)themost important one,除了那個最重要的問題外,我還問了老師許多問題。
2)Besides(As well as)his work in physics he spent much timeworking for human rights and
progress.除了物理學方面的工作之外,他還花了很多時間爲人權和進步而工作。
②except和but(prep)表示“除去……”,不包括後面的名詞或代詞所表示的人或事物,相當於only。例:
1)My father goes to work every day except saturday and Sunday.我的父親除星期六和星期日之外,每天都上班。
(=My father doesn’t go to work only on Saturday and Sunday)
2)All the students in our class failed in the final exam except her andme.除我和她之外,我們班其他學生期末考試都未及格。
(=Only she and I passed the final exam In our class.)
③當but(prep)作“除……外”講時,前面一般有all、nothing、no-body等不定代詞,後面常跟不定式連用。例:
1)Nobody was late but you two.除了你們倆外再無人遲到。(=Only you two were late.)
2)Then it has no choice but to lie down and sleep.於是,它除躺下睡覺之外,別無選擇。
④except that“除了,只是”,後接that引導的賓語從句。例:
1)Except that she speaks too fast,she is a good English teacher.除了她說話太快,她是一位很好的英語教師。
2) We learn little about the moon,except that there is neither airnor water on it.關於月球的情況我們不清楚,只知道上面既無空氣又無水。
⑤except for是“除了”或“只有”之意,表示它的前後是性質相反的事情,強調前項。例:
1)Your English composition is excellent except for some
grammarmistakes.你的英語作文寫得不錯,只是有一些語法錯誤。
2)The place is not worth visiting except for its old temples.這個地方只有幾座古廟,不值得參觀。
⑥except when含義爲“除了……時候”,指時間,後踉when引導的賓語從句。例:
1)The professor used to go out for a walk every afternoon except when it rained.除了雨天,那位教授習慣於每天下午都出外散步。
2)His elder brother reaches his office on time every day except when the bus is late.除了車晚點外,他的哥哥每天都按時到達辦公室。