從MySQL 5開始, 你可以看到多了一個系統數據庫information_schema . information_schema 存貯了其他所有數據庫的信息。讓我們來看看幾個使用這個數據庫的例子:
< !--more-->1. 取得關於 information_schema的基本信息
information_schema是一個虛擬數據庫,並不物理存在,在select的時候,從其他數據庫獲取相應的信息。
- mysql> show databases;
- +--------------------+
- | Database |
- +--------------------+
- | information_schema |
- | bugs |
- | mysql |
- | sugarcrm |
- +--------------------+
- 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| bugs |
| mysql |
| sugarcrm |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
以下是information_schema數據庫中的表.
- mysql> use information_schema;
- mysql> show tables;
- +---------------------------------------+
- | Tables_in_information_schema |
- +---------------------------------------+
- | CHARACTER_SETS |
- | COLLATIONS |
- | COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY |
- | COLUMNS |
- | COLUMN_PRIVILEGES |
- | KEY_COLUMN_USAGE |
- | PROFILING |
- | ROUTINES |
- | SCHEMATA |
- | SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES |
- | STATISTICS |
- | TABLES |
- | TABLE_CONSTRAINTS |
- | TABLE_PRIVILEGES |
- | TRIGGERS |
- | USER_PRIVILEGES |
- | VIEWS |
- +---------------------------------------+
- 17 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use information_schema;
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------------------------+
| Tables_in_information_schema |
+---------------------------------------+
| CHARACTER_SETS |
| COLLATIONS |
| COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY |
| COLUMNS |
| COLUMN_PRIVILEGES |
| KEY_COLUMN_USAGE |
| PROFILING |
| ROUTINES |
| SCHEMATA |
| SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES |
| STATISTICS |
| TABLES |
| TABLE_CONSTRAINTS |
| TABLE_PRIVILEGES |
| TRIGGERS |
| USER_PRIVILEGES |
| VIEWS |
+---------------------------------------+
17 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2. 查詢表中數據超過1000行的表
- 以下的語句可以查出超過1000行數據的表
- mysql> select concat(table_schema,'.',table_name) as table_name,table_rows
- -> from information_schema.tables where table_rows > 1000
- -> order by table_rows desc;
- +----------------------------------+------------+
- | table_name | table_rows |
- +----------------------------------+------------+
- | bugs.series_data | 52778 |
- | bugs.bugs_activity | 26436 |
- | bugs.longdescs | 21473 |
- | bugs.email_setting | 5370 |
- | bugs.attachments | 4714 |
- | bugs.attach_data | 4651 |
- | bugs.cc | 4031 |
- | bugs.bugs | 2190 |
- | bugs.namedqueries_link_in_footer | 1228 |
- +----------------------------------+------------+
- 9 rows in set (0.04 sec)
以下的語句可以查出超過1000行數據的表
mysql> select concat(table_schema,'.',table_name) as table_name,table_rows
-> from information_schema.tables where table_rows > 1000
-> order by table_rows desc;
+----------------------------------+------------+
| table_name | table_rows |
+----------------------------------+------------+
| bugs.series_data | 52778 |
| bugs.bugs_activity | 26436 |
| bugs.longdescs | 21473 |
| bugs.email_setting | 5370 |
| bugs.attachments | 4714 |
| bugs.attach_data | 4651 |
| bugs.cc | 4031 |
| bugs.bugs | 2190 |
| bugs.namedqueries_link_in_footer | 1228 |
+----------------------------------+------------+
9 rows in set (0.04 sec)
3. 查詢所有沒有主鍵的表
- This example gives a list of all the tables without primary key.
- SELECT CONCAT(t.table_name,".",t.table_schema) as table_name
- FROM information_schema.TABLES t
- LEFT JOIN information_schema.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS tc
- ON t.table_schema = tc.table_schema
- AND t.table_name = tc.table_name
- AND tc.constraint_type = 'PRIMARY KEY'
- WHERE tc.constraint_name IS NULL
- AND t.table_type = 'BASE TABLE';
This example gives a list of all the tables without primary key.
SELECT CONCAT(t.table_name,".",t.table_schema) as table_name
FROM information_schema.TABLES t
LEFT JOIN information_schema.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS tc
ON t.table_schema = tc.table_schema
AND t.table_name = tc.table_name
AND tc.constraint_type = 'PRIMARY KEY'
WHERE tc.constraint_name IS NULL
AND t.table_type = 'BASE TABLE';
4. 實現錶的歷史數據information_schema
Putting the MySQL information_schema to Use article implements a history database using the information schema. The first half of this article describes the requirements for the history database, and a generic design to implement it. The second half describes the stepwise construction of code-generator that creates the SQL to construct and load the history database. The code-generator is driven by the information schema and some features of the information schema are discussed in detail.
5. 查詢5個最大表
- mysql> SELECT concat(table_schema,'.',table_name) table_name,
- -> concat(round(data_length/(1024*1024),2),'M') data_length
- -> FROM information_schema.TABLES
- -> ORDER BY data_length DESC LIMIT 5;
- +--------------------+-------------+
- | table_name | data_length |
- +--------------------+-------------+
- | bugs.attach_data | 706.89M |
- | bugs.longdescs | 3.45M |
- | bugs.bugs_activity | 1.45M |
- | bugs.series_data | 0.75M |
- | bugs.attachments | 0.51M |
- +--------------------+-------------+
- 5 rows in set (0.05 sec)