unity3d高級網絡連接NetworkServer及NetworkClient（HLA）

注意：根據unity官方說明文檔，例子中使用到的類可能在Unity後面的版本刪除。

Unity網絡提供高級API（HLA）來處理從低級實現中抽象的網絡通信。在此示例中，我們將瞭解如何創建可與一個或多個客戶端通信的服務器。HLA允許我們輕鬆地序列化類並通過網絡發送此類的對象。我們用來序列化的類

這個類必須來自MessageBase，在這個例子中我們只會在這個類中發送一個字符串。

using System;
using UnityEngine.Networking;

public class MyNetworkMessage : MessageBase
{
    public string message;
}

創建服務器

我們創建一個服務器來監聽端口9999，允許最多10個連接，並從我們的自定義類的網絡中讀取對象。

HLA將不同類型的消息與id相關聯。 Unity Networking的MsgType類中定義了默認消息類型。例如，連接類型具有id 32，並且當客戶端連接到服務器時在服務器中調用它，或者當它連接到服務器時在客戶端中調用。您可以註冊處理程序來管理不同類型的消息。當您發送自定義類（如我們的情況）時，我們定義一個處理程序，其新ID與我們通過網絡發送的類相關聯。

using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
using UnityEngine.Networking;

public class Server : MonoBehaviour {

    int port = 9999;
    int maxConnections = 10;

    // The id we use to identify our messages and register the handler
    short messageID = 1000;

    // Use this for initialization
    void Start () {
        // Usually the server doesn't need to draw anything on the screen
        Application.runInBackground = true;
        CreateServer();
    }    

    void CreateServer() {
        // Register handlers for the types of messages we can receive
        RegisterHandlers ();

        var config = new ConnectionConfig ();
        // There are different types of channels you can use, check the official documentation
        config.AddChannel (QosType.ReliableFragmented);
        config.AddChannel (QosType.UnreliableFragmented);

        var ht = new HostTopology (config, maxConnections);

        if (!NetworkServer.Configure (ht)) {
            Debug.Log ("No server created, error on the configuration definition");
            return;
        } else {
            // Start listening on the defined port
            if(NetworkServer.Listen (port))
                Debug.Log ("Server created, listening on port: " + port);   
            else
                Debug.Log ("No server created, could not listen to the port: " + port);    
        }
    }

    void OnApplicationQuit() {
        NetworkServer.Shutdown ();
    }

    private void RegisterHandlers () {
        // Unity have different Messages types defined in MsgType
        NetworkServer.RegisterHandler (MsgType.Connect, OnClientConnected);
        NetworkServer.RegisterHandler (MsgType.Disconnect, OnClientDisconnected);

        // Our message use his own message type.
        NetworkServer.RegisterHandler (messageID, OnMessageReceived);
    }

    private void RegisterHandler(short t, NetworkMessageDelegate handler) {
        NetworkServer.RegisterHandler (t, handler);
    }

    void OnClientConnected(NetworkMessage netMessage)
    {
        // Do stuff when a client connects to this server

        // Send a thank you message to the client that just connected
        MyNetworkMessage messageContainer = new MyNetworkMessage();
        messageContainer.message = "Thanks for joining!";

        // This sends a message to a specific client, using the connectionId
        NetworkServer.SendToClient(netMessage.conn.connectionId,messageID,messageContainer);

        // Send a message to all the clients connected
        messageContainer = new MyNetworkMessage();
        messageContainer.message = "A new player has conencted to the server";

        // Broadcast a message a to everyone connected
        NetworkServer.SendToAll(messageID,messageContainer);
    }

    void OnClientDisconnected(NetworkMessage netMessage)
    {
        // Do stuff when a client dissconnects
    }

    void OnMessageReceived(NetworkMessage netMessage)
    {
        // You can send any object that inherence from MessageBase
        // The client and server can be on different projects, as long as the MyNetworkMessage or the class you are using have the same implementation on both projects
        // The first thing we do is deserialize the message to our custom type
        var objectMessage = netMessage.ReadMessage<MyNetworkMessage>();
        Debug.Log("Message received: " + objectMessage.message);

    }
}

客戶端

現在我們創建一個客戶端

using System;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.Networking;


public class Client : MonoBehaviour
{
    int port = 9999;
    string ip = "localhost";

    // The id we use to identify our messages and register the handler
    short messageID = 1000;

    // The network client
    NetworkClient client;

    public Client ()
    {
        CreateClient();
    }

    void CreateClient()
    {
        var config = new ConnectionConfig ();

        // Config the Channels we will use
        config.AddChannel (QosType.ReliableFragmented);
        config.AddChannel (QosType.UnreliableFragmented);

        // Create the client ant attach the configuration
        client = new NetworkClient ();
        client.Configure (config,1);

        // Register the handlers for the different network messages
        RegisterHandlers();

        // Connect to the server
        client.Connect (ip, port);
    }

    // Register the handlers for the different message types
    void RegisterHandlers () {
    
        // Unity have different Messages types defined in MsgType
        client.RegisterHandler (messageID, OnMessageReceived);
        client.RegisterHandler(MsgType.Connect, OnConnected);
        client.RegisterHandler(MsgType.Disconnect, OnDisconnected);
    }

    void OnConnected(NetworkMessage message) {        
        // Do stuff when connected to the server

        MyNetworkMessage messageContainer = new MyNetworkMessage();
        messageContainer.message = "Hello server!";

        // Say hi to the server when connected
        client.Send(messageID,messageContainer);
    }

    void OnDisconnected(NetworkMessage message) {
        // Do stuff when disconnected to the server
    }

    // Message received from the server
    void OnMessageReceived(NetworkMessage netMessage)
    {
        // You can send any object that inherence from MessageBase
        // The client and server can be on different projects, as long as the MyNetworkMessage or the class you are using have the same implementation on both projects
        // The first thing we do is deserialize the message to our custom type
        var objectMessage = netMessage.ReadMessage<MyNetworkMessage>();

        Debug.Log("Message received: " + objectMessage.message);
    }
}