最近編程中用到sftp上傳文件,且需要用crontab預設定時上傳事件。而sftp不同於ftp,沒有提供選項如 -i 可以將密碼直接編碼進程序。使用sftp指令,會自動請求用戶輸入密碼。
總結一下可以避免sftp輸入密碼的三種方式:
1. lftp方式
LFTP是一款非常著名的字符界面的文件傳輸工具。支持FTP、HTTP、FISH、SFTP、HTTPS和FTPS協議。
例子:(本例爲下載192.168.107.132服務器/home/huangmr下所有文件的例子)
-
#!/bin/sh
-
HOST=192.168.107.132
-
USER=huangmr
-
PASS=huangmr
-
echo "Starting to sftp..."
-
lftp -u ${USER},${PASS} sftp://${HOST}:22 <<EOF
-
cd /home/huangmr
-
mget *.*
-
bye
-
EOF
-
echo "done"
2. expect方式
Expect是一個免費的編程工具語言,用來實現自動和交互式任務進行通信,而無需人的干預。
要使用expect需要預先安裝tcl這個東西,然後再安裝expect包。
tcl: http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/tcl/tcl8.4.16-src.tar.gz
expect: http://sourceforge.net/projects/expect/files/Expect/5.45/expect5.45.tar.gz/download
例子:
[plain] view plaincopy
- #!/usr/local/bin/expect -f
- #<---insert here your expect program location
- #procedure to attempt connecting; result 0 if OK, 1 elsewhere
- proc connect {passw} {
- expect {
- "(yes/no)?" {send "yes/r";exp_continue} #第一次使用SFTP時候會要求輸入yes/no
- "password:" {send "$passw/r" #自動輸入密碼
- expect {
- "sftp*" { #檢測返回sftp>
- return 0
- }
- }
- }
- }
- # timed out
- return 1
- }
- #read the input parameters
- set user [lindex $argv 0]
- set passw [lindex $argv 1]
- set host [lindex $argv 2]
- set location [lindex $argv 3]
- set file1 [lindex $argv 4]
- #puts "Am citit:/n";
- #puts "user: $user";
- #puts "passw: $passw";
- #puts "host: $host";
- #puts "location: $location";
- #puts "file1: $file1";
- #check if all were provided
- if { $user == "" || $passw == "" || $host == "" || $location == "" || $file1 == "" } {
- puts "Usage: <user> <passw> <host> <location> <file1 to send>/n"
- exit 1
- }
- #sftp to specified host and send the files
- spawn sftp $user@$host
- set rez [connect $passw]
- if { $rez == 0 } {
- send "cd $location/r"
- set timeout -1
- send "put $file1/r"
- #send "ls -l/r"
- #send "quit/r"
- #send "mkdir testsftp/r"
- send "quit/r"
- expect eof
- exit 0
- }
- puts "/nCMD_ERR: connecting to server: $host!/n"
- exit 1
- 0
expect也可以用兩種形式調用
1 ./my.exp $usr $pwd $host $local $file
2. 代碼中直接插入
expect<<!
...
!
3. (推薦)生成密鑰對
因爲這種方式不用把密鑰卸載程序裏,所以更安全
第一步:生成密匙對,我用的是rsa的密鑰。使用命令 "ssh-keygen -t rsa"
[user1@rh user1]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/user1/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/home/user1/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/user1/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/user1/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
e0:f0:3b:d3:0a:3d:da:42:01:6a:61:2f:6c:a0:c6:e7[email protected]
[user1@rh user1]$
生成的過程中提示輸入密鑰對保存位置,直接回車,接受默認值就行了。接着會提示輸入一個不同於你的password的密碼,直接回車,讓它空着。
當然,也可以輸入一個。(我比較懶,不想每次都要輸入密碼。) 這樣,密鑰對就生成完了。
其中公共密鑰保存在 ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
私有密鑰保存在 ~/.ssh/id_rsa
然後改一下 .ssh 目錄的權限,使用命令 "chmod 755 ~/.ssh"
[user1@rh user1]$ chmod 755 ~/.ssh
之後把這個密鑰對中的公共密鑰複製到你要訪問的機器上去,並保存爲
~/.ssh/authorized_keys
[user1@rh user1]$ scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub rh1:/home/user1/.ssh/authorized_keys
user1@rh1's password:
id_rsa.pub 100% 228 3.2MB/s 00:00
[user1@rh user1]$
之這樣就大功告成了。之後再用ssh scp sftp 之類的訪問那臺機器時,就不用輸入密碼
了,用在script上更是方便。
轉自:https://blog.csdn.net/huangjin0507/article/details/49467525