11gR2開始,GI集成了ASM,OCR/VOTEDISK也存放在ASM磁盤組了(11gR2以前需要存放於裸設備中),同時ASM的功能較10g也有很大增強
我們先引入一個問題：
11gR2中，OCR/VOTEDISK存放在ASM磁盤組，這也就意味着在GI能夠啓動的前提是能夠順利啓動ASM實例並且能夠將相應磁盤組MOUNT起來；而ASM的spfile卻放在ASM磁盤組裏，這也同樣意味着要先啓動ASM實例並且能讀到參數文件。那如何解決這個問題呢？ 11gR2中引入了pgnp profile，用於存放ASM參數文件路徑，這允許oracle在ASM實例啓動以前讀到參數文件。
11gR2的RAC環境中,ASM的參數文件存放於ASM磁盤組裏面.ASM實例啓動時候,尋找參數文件的順序如下,直接找到爲止:
1. Grid Plug and Play (GPnP) profile
2. spfile+ASM<node_number>.ora
3. init+ASM<node_number>.ora
請注意: 以上紅色字體部分!!!
因此,11gR2中可以沒有pfile,可以將ASM參數保存在gpnp profile中,在管理上省下了很多工作.
11gR2RAC環境中,ASM的參數文件支持備份(spbackup),拷貝(spcopy),移動(spmove),查詢gpnp profile(spget),設置(spset)等操作
特別需要注意一點,ASM的參數文件最好放在ASM磁組裏,同時確保每個集羣成員的gpnp都爲同一個路徑
以簡單例子說明，如何將ASM的spfile重新保存至ASM磁盤組
=============================================
準備環境
ASMCMD> ls -l
Type Redund Striped Time Sys Name
ASMPARAMETERFILE UNPROT COARSE DEC 14 15:00:00 Y REGISTRY.253.866303695
N
spfileasm.ora => +OCR_VOTE/rac-cluster/ASMPARAMETERFILE/REGISTRY.253.866303695 ----注意這裏是鏈接
ASMCMD> pwd
+OCR_VOTE/rac-cluster/ASMPARAMETERFILE
ASMCMD> spcopy +OCR_VOTE/rac-cluster/ASMPARAMETERFILE/REGISTRY.253.866303695 +OCR_VOTE/rac-cluster/ASMPARAMETERFILE/spcopy.ora
ORA-15056: additional error message
ORA-17502: ksfdcre:4 Failed to create file +OCR_VOTE/rac-cluster/ASMPARAMETERFILE/spcopy.ora
ORA-15268: internal Oracle file +OCR_VOTE.253.1 already exists.
ORA-06512: at line 7 (DBD ERROR: OCIStmtExecute)
ASMCMD> spget
/home/grid/registry.253.839197161 --當前gpnp profile配置。該spfile是用spcopy命令生成的
ASMCMD> spmove REGISTRY.253.866303695 old_ora.bak ---刪除默認的SPFILE將導致路徑缺失
ASMCMD> ls -l
ASMCMD-8002: entry 'ASMPARAMETERFILE' does not exist in directory '+OCR_VOTE/rac-cluster/'
實例環境就緒，以下是解決辦法：
ASMCMD> spget
/home/grid/registry.253.839197161
ASMCMD> spcopy /home/grid/registry.253.839197161 +OCR_VOTE/rac-cluster/ASMPARAMETERFILE/registry.ora --將本地磁盤上的spfile複製至ASM磁盤
ASMCMD> ls -l
Type Redund Striped Time Sys Name
ASMPARAMETERFILE UNPROT COARSE DEC 14 19:00:00 Y REGISTRY.253.866316081
N
registry.ora => +OCR_VOTE/rac-cluster/ASMPARAMETERFILE/REGISTRY.253.866316081 --注意這裏是鏈接!!!!
ASMCMD> spset +OCR_VOTE/rac-cluster/ASMPARAMETERFILE/REGISTRY.253.866316081 --更新gpnp profile至鏈接
ASMCMD> spget
+OCR_VOTE/rac-cluster/ASMPARAMETERFILE/REGISTRY.253.866316081
重啓實例生效...
ASMCMD> shutdown --abort
ASM instance shutdown
Connected to an idle instance.
ASMCMD>
ASMCMD>
ASMCMD> startup
ASM instance started
Total System Global Area 1135747072 bytes
Fixed Size 2260728 bytes
Variable Size 1108320520 bytes
ASM Cache 25165824 bytes
ASM diskgroups mounted
ASM diskgroups volume enabled
ASMCMD> lsdg
State Type Rebal Sector Block AU Total_MB Free_MB Req_mir_free_MB Usable_file_MB Offline_disks Voting_files Name
MOUNTED EXTERN N 512 4096 1048576 4094 926 0 926 0 N DATA/
MOUNTED EXTERN N 512 4096 4194304 2032 1592 0 1592 0 Y OCR_VOTE/
ASMCMD> spget
+OCR_VOTE/rac-cluster/ASMPARAMETERFILE/REGISTRY.253.866316081
SQL> show parameter spfile;
NAME TYPE
------------------------------------ ----------------------
VALUE
------------------------------
spfile string
+OCR_VOTE/rac-cluster/asmparameterfile/registry.253.866316081 --證實是通過gpnp profile裏spfile啓動實例
同樣,其他數據庫節點需要spset更新spfile路徑,重啓生效即可,此部分操作省略...
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