Java 源碼閱讀(二) ArrayList

java 源碼閱讀(二) ArrayList

ArrayList是一種變長集合類,基於數組實現。ArrayList允許空值和重複元素。當往ArrayList中添加的元素數量超過底層數量時,會進行擴容。ArrayList實現了RandomAccess接口,所以可以保證在O(1)複雜度下完成隨機查找操作。是一個非線程安全類,併發環境下,會出現錯誤。

實現/繼承的類和接口

extends AbstractList implements List, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable

構造函數

transient Object[] elementData;
private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;
private int size;
protected transient int modCount = 0;

1.ArrayList()

public ArrayList() {
  this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
}

初始化了一個空的數組對象。

2.ArrayList(int initialCapacity)

  public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {
        if (initialCapacity > 0) {
            this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
        } else if (initialCapacity == 0) {
            this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
        } else {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
                                               initialCapacity);
        }
    }

如果參數值大於0,則初始化一個長度爲initialCapacity的數組。否則初始化一個空數組。爲負時拋出異常。

add(E)

新建一個ArrayList對象,然後插入數據,進入到**add(E)**方法.

public boolean add(E e) {
        ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);  // Increments modCount!!
        elementData[size++] = e;
        return true;
    }

此時size爲0,進入到ensureCapacityInternal()方法。

private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {
        if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) {
            minCapacity = Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);
        }

        ensureExplicitCapacity(minCapacity);
    }

minCapacity =10,進入到ensureExplicitCapacity()

private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {
        modCount++;

        // overflow-conscious code
        if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
            grow(minCapacity);
    }

modCount = 1,minCapacity - elementData.length > 0 成立,進入**grow()**方法

 private void grow(int minCapacity) {
        // overflow-conscious code
        int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
        int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
        if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
            newCapacity = minCapacity;
        if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
            newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
        // minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
        elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
    }

newCapacity = 0,小於minCapacity,newCapacity = minCapacity,然後進入**Arrays.copyOf()**方法返回一個新的數組,這個數組長度爲newCapacity ,也就是10。

返回**add()**方法,elementData[size++] = e ,然後直接返回true。添加一個元素成功。

add(int,E)

初始化一個長度爲10的數組,然後向指定索引插入元素。

public static void main(String[] args) {
   ArrayList arrayList = new ArrayList(10);
   arrayList.add(0);
   arrayList.add(10);
   arrayList.add(1, 2);
}

進入**add(int,E)**方法

public void add(int index, E element) {
    rangeCheckForAdd(index);

    ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);  // Increments modCount!!
    System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1,
                     size - index);
    elementData[index] = element;
    size++;
}

進入rangeCheckForAdd(index);

private void rangeCheckForAdd(int index) {
    if (index > size || index < 0)
        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
}

size爲2,驗證通過。進入 ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);

然後通過System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1,size - index);方法,將後面的數據後移一位。

elementData[index] = element,將指定位置的數據變成要插入的數據。
在這裏插入圖片描述

擴容機制

public class StringTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ArrayList arrayList = new ArrayList(10);
        for (int i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
            arrayList.add(10);
        }
        System.out.println(arrayList.size());
        System.out.println(getCapacity(arrayList));
    }

    public static Integer getCapacity(ArrayList list) {
        Integer length = 0;
        Class<? extends ArrayList> aClass = list.getClass();
        Field f;
        try {
            f = aClass.getDeclaredField("elementData");
            f.setAccessible(true);
            Object[] o = (Object[]) f.get(list);
            length = o.length;
        } catch (NoSuchFieldException | IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return length;
    }
}

11

15

最後arrayList的長度爲11,容量爲15。

核心部分爲:

private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {
    modCount++;

    // overflow-conscious code
    if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
        grow(minCapacity);
}

if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0) 條件成立,此時就進入grow方法進行擴容。

private void grow(int minCapacity) {
    // overflow-conscious code
    int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
    int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
    if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
        newCapacity = minCapacity;
    if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
        newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
    // minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
    elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
}

**int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);**我們可以看出,新的數組大小是原來的1.5倍。

remove(int)

  public E remove(int index) {
        //檢查邊界
        rangeCheck(index);
        
        modCount++;
        //將原來位置的數據賦值。
        E oldValue = elementData(index);
        //計算需要移動的數據長度
        int numMoved = size - index - 1;
        if (numMoved > 0)
              //進行數組的拷貝
            System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
                             numMoved);
        //將最後一個索引位置上的數據置空。
        elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work

        return oldValue;
    }

fastRemove(int)

快速刪除,並沒有進行邊界檢查等操作。在調用的方法內部會有校驗。

private void fastRemove(int index) {
    modCount++;
    int numMoved = size - index - 1;
    if (numMoved > 0)
        System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
                         numMoved);
    elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work
}

remove(Object)

代碼邏輯比較簡單,此處不再贅述

public boolean remove(Object o) {
    if (o == null) {
        for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
            if (elementData[index] == null) {
                fastRemove(index);
                return true;
            }
    } else {
        for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
            if (o.equals(elementData[index])) {
                fastRemove(index);
                return true;
            }
    }
    return false;
}

在這裏插入圖片描述

trimToSize()

arrayList刪除大量元素後,會有一部分內存空間被空閒,我們可以調用該方法,將數組容量進行縮小,從而節省空間。

public void trimToSize() {
    modCount++;
    if (size < elementData.length) {
        elementData = (size == 0)
          ? EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA
          : Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size);
    }
}

例子:

public class StringTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ArrayList arrayList = new ArrayList(10);
        for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
            arrayList.add(10);
        }
        System.out.println(getCapacity(arrayList));
        for (int i = 199; i > 100; i--) {
            arrayList.remove(i);
        }
        System.out.println(getCapacity(arrayList));
        arrayList.trimToSize();
        System.out.println(getCapacity(arrayList));
    }

    public static Integer getCapacity(ArrayList list) {
        Integer length = 0;
        Class<? extends ArrayList> aClass = list.getClass();
        Field f;
        try {
            f = aClass.getDeclaredField("elementData");
            f.setAccessible(true);
            Object[] o = (Object[]) f.get(list);
            length = o.length;
        } catch (NoSuchFieldException | IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return length;
    }
}

244
244
101

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