Hnoi2014世界樹

題面

說明/提示

N<=300000, q<=300000,m[1]+m[2]+...+m[q]<=300000

 題解

這道題一看 “m[1]+m[2]+...+m[q]<=300000” 就知道可以用虛樹做，利用每個關鍵點和其lca和樹根建一棵點數爲2 * m[i] - 1的虛樹，非關鍵部分深度爲logm，所以我們把關鍵點們按深度從小到大排序，

我們用dp[x]記錄以x爲根的子樹中深度最小的點，

然後我們發現，每一個點可以一路高攀，訪問完沒有被訪問過的點，然後根據一路分支上的其它子樹的dp值，來一路判定勢力範圍，然後更新答案，每次的複雜度是O(mlogm)。

CODE

#include<cstdio>
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
#include<vector>
#include<queue>
#include<stack>
#include<algorithm>
#define LL long long
#define MAXN 300005
using namespace std;
inline int read() {
	int f = 1,x = 0;char s = getchar();
	while(s < '0' || s > '9') {if(s == '-') f = -1;s = getchar();}
	while(s >= '0' && s <= '9') {x = x * 10 + s - '0';s = getchar();}
	return x * f;
}
struct ed{
	int v,w;
	ed(){v = w = 0;}
	ed(int V,int W){v = V;w = W;}
};
vector<ed> g[MAXN];
vector<ed> g2[MAXN];
int fa[MAXN][22];
int fu[MAXN];
int pup[MAXN][22];
int d[MAXN],dfn[MAXN],sons[MAXN];
int n,m,i,j,s,o,k,cnt;
LL dp[MAXN][10];
int b[MAXN];
int b2[MAXN];
int b3[MAXN];
bool cmp(int a,int b) {
	return dfn[a] < dfn[b];
}
bool cmp2(int x,int y) {
	if(d[b[x]] != d[b[y]])return d[b[x]] < d[b[y]];
	return b[x] < b[y];
}
void dfs(int x,int fat,int edge) {
	dfn[x] = ++cnt;
	fa[x][0] = fat;
	d[x] = d[fat] + 1;
	pup[x][0] = 1;
	sons[x] = 1;
	for(int i = 1;i <= 19;i ++) {
		fa[x][i] = fa[fa[x][i - 1]][i - 1];
		pup[x][i] = 1;
	}
	for(int i = 0;i < g[x].size();i ++) {
		if(g[x][i].v != fat) {
			dfs(g[x][i].v,x,g[x][i].w);
			int y = g[x][i].v;
			sons[x] += sons[y];
		}
	}
}
void dfsp(int x,int fat) {
	pup[x][0] = sons[fat] - sons[x];
	for(int i = 1;i <= 19;i ++) {
		pup[x][i] = pup[x][i - 1] + pup[fa[x][i - 1]][i - 1];
	}
	for(int i = 0;i < g[x].size();i ++) {
		if(g[x][i].v != fat) {
			dfsp(g[x][i].v,x);
		}
	}
	return ;
}
int lca(int a,int b) {
	if(d[a] > d[b]) {
		for(int i = 19;i >= 0;i --) {
			if(d[fa[a][i]] >= d[b]) a = fa[a][i];
		}
	}
	if(d[a] < d[b]) {
		for(int i = 19;i >= 0;i --) {
			if(d[fa[b][i]] >= d[a]) b = fa[b][i];
		}
	}
	if(a == b) return a;
	for(int i = 19;i >= 0;i --) {
		if(fa[a][i] != fa[b][i]) {
			a = fa[a][i];
			b = fa[b][i];
		}
	}
	return fa[a][0];
}
stack<int> st;
int v[MAXN],f[MAXN];
int as[MAXN],asf[MAXN];
void dfs2(int x) {
	dp[x][0] = 0;
	f[x] = 0;asf[x] = 0;as[x] = 0;
	if(v[x]) dp[x][0] = v[x];
	for(int i = 0;i < g2[x].size();i ++) {
		ed y = g2[x][i];
//		printf("%d %d(%lld)\n",x,y.v,y.w);
		dfs2(y.v);
		fu[y.v] = x;
		if(d[dp[y.v][0]] < d[dp[x][0]] || (d[dp[y.v][0]] == d[dp[x][0]] && dp[y.v][0] < dp[x][0])) {
			dp[x][0] = dp[y.v][0];
		}
	}
//	printf("%d (%lld %lld)\n",x,dp[x][0],dp[x][1]);
	return ;
}
int getsum(int a,int de) {
	int ans = 0;
	for(int i = 19;i >= 0;i --) {
		if(d[fa[a][i]] >= de) ans += pup[a][i],a = fa[a][i];
	}
	return ans;
}
int getfa(int a,int de) {
	for(int i = 19;i >= 0;i --) {
		if(d[fa[a][i]] >= de) a = fa[a][i];
	}
	return a;
}
int dfs3(int x,int fat,int de,int pp) {
	f[x] = 1;
//	printf("(-%d-)",x);
	int ans = sons[x];
	for(int i = 0;i < g2[x].size();i ++) {
		ed y = g2[x][i];
		ans -= sons[y.v] + getsum(y.v,d[x] + 1);
//		printf("( (in)ans:%d )",ans);
		if(y.v != fat) {
			int z = dp[y.v][0];
			int nm = de + d[z] - d[x];
			int nm2;
			if(nm%2) {
				nm2 = (nm / 2) - de;
			}
			else {
				nm2 = (nm / 2) - de;
				if(pp > z) nm2 --;
			}
//		printf("( (in)ans:%d nm2:%d nm:%d z:%d )",ans,nm2,nm,z);
			if(nm2 < y.w) {
				ans += getsum(getfa(y.v,d[x] + nm2 + 1),d[x] + 1);
				asf[y.v] = getsum(y.v,d[x] + nm2 + 1);
			}
			else ans += getsum(y.v,d[x] + 1) + dfs3(y.v,x,de + y.w,pp);
		}
	}
	return ans;
}
void qkdfs(int x) {
	for(int i = 0;i < g2[x].size();i ++) qkdfs(g2[x][i].v);
	g2[x].clear();return ;
}
int main() {
	n = read();
	for(int i = 1;i < n;i ++) {
		s = read();o = read();
		g[s].push_back(ed(o,1));
		g[o].push_back(ed(s,1));
	}
	dfs(1,1,0x7f7f7f7f);
	dfsp(1,1);
	m = read();
	while(m --) {
		cnt = read();
		for(int i = 1;i <= cnt;i ++) {
			b3[i] = b[i] = read();
		}sort(b + 1,b + 1 + cnt,cmp);
		st.push(1);
		for(int i = 1;i <= cnt;i ++) {
			v[b[i]] = b[i];
			int y1 = st.top();
			int lc = lca(y1,b[i]);
			int pp = 0,p = 0;
			while(!st.empty() && d[st.top()] >= d[lc]) {
				pp = p;p = st.top();
				st.pop();
				if(pp) {
					if(pp != p)g2[p].push_back(ed(pp,d[pp] - d[p]));
				}
			}
			if(p && p != lc) {
				g2[lc].push_back(ed(p,d[p] - d[lc]));
			}
			st.push(lc);
			st.push(b[i]);
		}
		int p = 0;
		while(!st.empty()) {
			int y1 = st.top();
			if(p) {
				if(p != y1)g2[y1].push_back(ed(p,d[p] - d[y1]));
			}
			p = y1;
			st.pop();
		}
		d[0] = 0x7f7f7f7f;
		dfs2(1);
		fu[1] = 0;f[0] = 1;
		for(int i = 1;i <= cnt;i ++) b2[i] = i;
		sort(b2 + 1,b2 + 1 + cnt,cmp2);
		for(int ii = 1;ii <= cnt;ii ++) {
			int i = b2[ii];
			int p = b[i];
//			printf("%d: ",p);
			int pp = 0;
			while(p) {
				as[b[i]] += dfs3(p,pp,d[b[i]] - d[p],b[i]);
//				printf("(%d)",as[b[i]]);
				if(!f[fu[p]]) {
					as[b[i]] += getsum(p,d[fu[p]] + 1);
//					printf("([1]%d)",as[b[i]]);
				}
				else {
					as[b[i]] += asf[p];
//					printf("([2]%d)",as[b[i]]);
					break;
				}
				pp = p;
				p = fu[p];
			}
//			putchar('\n');
		}
		for(int i = 1;i <= cnt;i ++) {
			printf("%d ",as[b3[i]]);
		}putchar('\n');
		for(int i = 1;i <= cnt;i ++) v[b[i]] = 0,as[b[i]] = 0;
		qkdfs(1);
	}
	return 0;
}