今天學習了python操作excel表格，感覺很有意思，整理一下筆記
文章目錄
python讀取文件
讀取文件的方式1：直接讀取，最後需要close操作
def open_file2(file):
f = open(file,"r")
re = f.read()
print(re)
f.close()
def open_file3(file):
try:
f = open(file,"r")
re = f.read()
print(re)
except:
pass
finally:
f.close()
在讀取文件處理異常時，發現異常：
UnboundLocalError: local variable 'f' referenced before assignment
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/apple/Downloads/11人臉識別/projects/PyDemo/excel/use_with.py", line 35, in <module>
open_file_try()
File "/Users/apple/Downloads/11人臉識別/projects/PyDemo/excel/use_with.py", line 26, in open_file_try
f.close()
UnboundLocalError: local variable 'f' referenced before assignment
在處理異常時，更改了一下文件名看是否直接顯示except的內容，但是執行後發現抱了另一個錯，原因是在open文件時沒有找到文件，所以f相當於未定義，最後執行finally的內容的就找不到相應的f
讀取文件方式2:利用with讀取，最後不用進行close操作：
def open_file(file):
with open(file,"r") as f:
re = f.read()
print(re)
使用with時，返回了一個上下文管理器,執行管理器的enter方法，如果with語句設置了目標對象，則把enter方法的返回值賦給目標對象，執行with中的代碼塊
使用python創建excel表格
下載相關庫：
pip install openpyxl
from openpyxl import Workbook
class Client(object):
def __init__(self):
#創建excel工作表
self.wb = Workbook()
#創建excel表裏的不同表單
self.ws = self.wb.active
#創建表單的三種方式
self.ws.title = "表單1"
self.ws_two = self.wb.create_sheet("表單2")
self.ws_three = self.wb.create_sheet()
def do(self):
#存儲excel表到相應路徑
self.wb.save("./static/one.xlsx")
if __name__ == '__main__':
client = Client()
client.do()
打開生成的excel文件，可以看出下面有三個表單，其中第三個表單未命名所以顯示默認名字
向excel表中手動寫入數據
from openpyxl.styles import Font, colors
from openpyxl.drawing.image import Image
#手動設置內容
self.ws['A1'] = "學號"
self.ws['B1'] = "姓名"
self.ws['C1'] = "成績"
self.ws['A2'] = "12345"
#設置字體，顏色
font = Font(sz = 18,color=colors.RED)
self.ws['A2'].font = font
#循環賦值
i = 2
for row in self.ws['A3':'C5']:
for cell in row:
cell.value = i
i +=2
#插入圖片
image = Image("./static/shishi.png")
self.ws.add_image(image,'E5')
#合併/拆分單元格
self.ws.merge_cells('A8:D9')
self.ws.merge_cells('A11:D12')
self.ws.unmerge_cells('A11:D12')
#拆分單元格只能拆分之前已經合併過的
效果：
完整代碼：
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font, colors
from openpyxl.drawing.image import Image
class Client(object):
def __init__(self):
#創建excel工作表
self.wb = Workbook()
#創建excel表裏的不同表單
self.ws = self.wb.active
self.ws.title = "表單1"
self.ws_two = self.wb.create_sheet("表單2")
self.ws_three = self.wb.create_sheet()
def do(self):
#手動設置內容
self.ws['A1'] = "學號"
self.ws['B1'] = "姓名"
self.ws['C1'] = "成績"
self.ws['A2'] = "12345"
#設置字體，顏色
font = Font(sz = 18,color=colors.RED)
self.ws['A2'].font = font
#循環賦值
i = 2
for row in self.ws['A3':'C5']:
for cell in row:
cell.value = i
i +=2
#插入圖片
image = Image("./static/shishi.png")
self.ws.add_image(image,'E5')
#合併/拆分單元格
self.ws.merge_cells('A8:D9')
self.ws.merge_cells('A11:D12')
self.ws.unmerge_cells('A11:D12')
self.wb.save("./static/one.xlsx")
if __name__ == '__main__':
client = Client()
client.do()
將excel表中的數據存入數據庫
表的數據：
在數據庫中設定好相應參數：
python連接mysql數據庫
from openpyxl import Workbook, load_workbook
import MySQLdb
#數據庫連接
def get_conn(self):
conn = MySQLdb.connect(
db = "user_grade",#數據庫名稱
host = "localhost",#主機地址
port = 3306,#端口號
user = "root",#db登錄用戶名
password = "root",#db登錄密碼
charset = "utf8"
)
return conn
將excel中的數據寫入數據庫
#寫數據到數據庫
def read_excel_to_db(self):
#獲取要讀的excel表的表
wb = load_workbook("./static/two.xlsx")
name = wb.get_sheet_names()#獲取所有的表單名，這裏只有一個
print(name)#成績統計
ws = wb.active
ws = wb[name[0]]
for (i, row) in enumerate(ws.rows):
if i < 1:
continue
com_org = ws['A{0}'.format(i+1)].value #數據從A2開始
os = ws['B{0}'.format(i+1)].value
micro_com = ws['C{0}'.format(i+1)].value
mobile = ws['D{0}'.format(i+1)].value
conn = self.get_conn()
cursor = conn.cursor()
sql = 'insert into `computer`(`com_org`,`os`,`micro_com`,`mobile`) VALUES ({com_org},{os},{micro_com},{mobile})'\
.format(com_org=com_org,
os = os,
micro_com = micro_com,
mobile = mobile)
cursor.execute(sql)#執行插入的sql語句
conn.autocommit(True)#提交
結果：
讀取數據庫中的數據將其寫入excel表中
def export_from_db_to_excel(self):
#查詢數據
conn = self.get_conn()
cursor = conn.cursor()
sql = 'select `com_org`,`os`,`micro_com`,`mobile` from `computer`'
cursor.execute(sql)
rows = cursor.fetchall()
#建立導出數據的excel表
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
ws['A1'] = "計算機組成原理"
ws['B1'] = '操作系統'
ws['C1'] = "微機原理"
ws['D1'] = "移動設備開發應用"
#將數據寫入表中
row_id = 1
for (i,row) in enumerate(rows):
ws['A{0}'.format(row_id+1)] = row[0]
ws['B{0}'.format(row_id+1)] = row[1]
ws['C{0}'.format(row_id+1)] = row[2]
ws['D{0}'.format(row_id+1)] = row[3]
row_id += 1
'''
(
ws['A{0}'.format(row_id+1)],
ws['B{0}'.format(row_id+1)],
ws['C{0}'.format(row_id+1)],
ws['D{0}'.format(row_id+1)]
) = row
'''
wb.save("./static/export_data4.xlsx")
結果：
完整代碼
from openpyxl import Workbook, load_workbook
import MySQLdb
from openpyxl.styles import Font, colors
from openpyxl.drawing.image import Image
class Client(object):
def __init__(self):
#創建excel工作表
self.wb = Workbook()
#創建excel表裏的不同表單
self.ws = self.wb.active
self.ws.title = "表單1"
self.ws_two = self.wb.create_sheet("表單2")
self.ws_three = self.wb.create_sheet()
#數據庫連接
def get_conn(self):
conn = MySQLdb.connect(
db = "user_grade",#數據庫名稱
host = "localhost",#主機地址
port = 3306,#端口號
user = "root",#db登錄用戶名
password = "root",#db登錄密碼
charset = "utf8"
)
return conn
def export_from_db_to_excel(self):
#查詢數據
conn = self.get_conn()
cursor = conn.cursor()
sql = 'select `com_org`,`os`,`micro_com`,`mobile` from `computer`'
cursor.execute(sql)
rows = cursor.fetchall()
#建立導出數據的excel表
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
ws['A1'] = "計算機組成原理"
ws['B1'] = '操作系統'
ws['C1'] = "微機原理"
ws['D1'] = "移動設備開發應用"
#將數據寫入表中
row_id = 1
for (i,row) in enumerate(rows):
ws['A{0}'.format(row_id+1)] = row[0]
ws['B{0}'.format(row_id+1)] = row[1]
ws['C{0}'.format(row_id+1)] = row[2]
ws['D{0}'.format(row_id+1)] = row[3]
row_id += 1
'''
(
ws['A{0}'.format(row_id+1)],
ws['B{0}'.format(row_id+1)],
ws['C{0}'.format(row_id+1)],
ws['D{0}'.format(row_id+1)]
) = row
'''
wb.save("./static/export_data4.xlsx")
#寫數據到數據庫
def read_excel_to_db(self):
#獲取要讀的excel表的表
wb = load_workbook("./static/two.xlsx")
name = wb.get_sheet_names()#獲取所有的表單名，這裏只有一個
print(name)#成績統計
ws = wb.active
ws = wb[name[0]]
for (i, row) in enumerate(ws.rows):
if i < 1:
continue
com_org = ws['A{0}'.format(i+1)].value #數據從A2開始
os = ws['B{0}'.format(i+1)].value
micro_com = ws['C{0}'.format(i+1)].value
mobile = ws['D{0}'.format(i+1)].value
conn = self.get_conn()
cursor = conn.cursor()
sql = 'insert into `computer`(`com_org`,`os`,`micro_com`,`mobile`) VALUES ({com_org},{os},{micro_com},{mobile})'\
.format(com_org=com_org,
os = os,
micro_com = micro_com,
mobile = mobile)
cursor.execute(sql)#執行插入的sql語句
conn.autocommit(True)#提交
def do(self):
#手動設置內容
self.ws['A1'] = "學號"
self.ws['B1'] = "姓名"
self.ws['C1'] = "成績"
self.ws['A2'] = "12345"
#設置字體，顏色
font = Font(sz = 18,color=colors.RED)
self.ws['A2'].font = font
#循環賦值
i = 2
for row in self.ws['A3':'C5']:
for cell in row:
cell.value = i
i +=2
#插入圖片
image = Image("./static/shishi.png")
self.ws.add_image(image,'E5')
#合併/拆分單元格
self.ws.merge_cells('A8:D9')
self.ws.merge_cells('A11:D12')
self.ws.unmerge_cells('A11:D12')
self.wb.save("./static/one.xlsx")
if __name__ == '__main__':
client = Client()
#client.do()
#client.read_excel_to_db()
client.export_from_db_to_excel()