編譯和運行substrate

rust環境搭建

這裏以ubuntu18.04爲例
如下爲腳本源碼，國內網絡比較差，只能這樣了

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# check if user is root
if [ $(id -u) -eq "0" ]; then
    Echo_Red "Error: 請使用普通賬號運行！ "
    exit 1
fi

# 安裝gcc
sudo apt -y install gcc
sudo apt -y install curl

# 安裝USTC 的rust mirror
echo "export RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/rust-static" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/rust-static/rustup" >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

# 安裝rust
curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh

# 使rust環境生效
source ~/.cargo/env

# 使用cargo代理，增快rust下載速度
cat >~/.cargo/config <<EOF
[source.crates-io]
replace-with = 'ustc'

[source.ustc]
registry = "git://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/crates.io-index"
EOF

# 安裝rust nightly版本，並默認使用nightly版本
rustup install nightly
rustup default nightly

# 安裝RLS組建
rustup component add rls --toolchain nightly
rustup component add rust-analysis --toolchain nightly
rustup component add rust-src --toolchain nightly

# 安裝racer
cargo install racer

安裝必要插件

安裝依賴的插件

sudo apt install -y cmake pkg-config libssl-dev git gcc build-essential clang libclang-dev

查看cmake版本

sudo apt install build-essential libssl-dev
sudo snap install cmake --classic
cmake --version

升級cmake：(非必須）

sudo apt autoremove cmake
wget https://cmake.org/files/v3.17/cmake-3.17.0-Linux-x86_64.tar.gz
tar -zxvf cmake-3.17.0-Linux-x86_64.tar.gz
sudo mv cmake-3.17.0-Linux-x86_64 /usr/local/cmake3.17.0
sudo ln /usr/local/cmake3.17.0/bin/* /usr/bin/
cmake --version

clone substrate

安裝git ：

sudo apt install git

clone substrate

clone  https://github.com/paritytech/substrate.git 

編譯substrate

cd substrate
cargo build --release

運行substrate單節點

./target/release/substrate

出現如下所示，說明單節點跑起來了，如果不是環境問題，不用15分鐘吧

運行多節點

開啓兩個終端，進入到substrate目錄下：
啓動Alice節點

./target/release/substrate --alice --chain local --base-path /tmp/alice

這時候是不會出塊的

啓動bob節點

./target/release/node-template --bob --chain local --base-path /tmp/bob

至少兩個節點一起啓動，纔會出塊
local 網絡只有alice和bob是驗證人

substrate 命令

xxx@xxx:~/workspace/substracte/substrate-node-template$ ./target/release/node-template -h
node-template 2.0.0-rc2-93862bd-x86_64-linux-gnu

Substrate DevHub <https://github.com/substrate-developer-hub>
All core commands that are provided by default.

The core commands are split into multiple subcommands and `Run` is the default subcommand. From the CLI user
perspective, it is not visible that `Run` is a subcommand. So, all parameters of `Run` are exported as main executable
parameters.
（核心命令分爲多個子命令，“run”是默認的子命令。在終端運行時，“run”是默認執行的。因此，“run”的所有參數都被導出爲主要可執行文件的參數）

USAGE:
    node-template [FLAGS] [OPTIONS]
    node-template <SUBCOMMAND>

FLAGS:
        --alice                      Shortcut for `--name Alice --validator` with session keys for `Alice` added to keystore
        （local默認驗證人）
        --bob                        Shortcut for `--name Bob --validator` with session keys for `Bob` added to keystore
        （local默認驗證人）
        --charlie                    Shortcut for `--name Charlie --validator` with session keys for `Charlie` added to keystore
        （local用不上）
        --dave                       Shortcut for `--name Dave --validator` with session keys for `Dave` added to keystore
        （local用不上）
        --dev                        Specify the development chain
        --discover-local             Enable peer discovery on local networks
        --eve                        Shortcut for `--name Eve --validator` with session keys for `Eve` added to keystore
        --ferdie                     Shortcut for `--name Ferdie --validator` with session keys for `Ferdie` added to keystore
        --force-authoring            Enable authoring even when offline
    -h, --help                       Prints help information
        --legacy-network-protocol    Use the legacy "pre-mainnet-launch" networking protocol. Enable if things seem
                                     broken. This option will be removed in the future
        --light                      Experimental: Run in light client mode
        --no-grandpa                 Disable GRANDPA voter when running in validator mode, otherwise disable the GRANDPA
                                     observer
        --no-mdns                    Disable mDNS discovery
        --no-private-ipv4            Forbid connecting to private IPv4 addresses (as specified in
                                     [RFC1918](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1918)), unless the address was passed with
                                     `--reserved-nodes` or `--bootnodes`
        --no-prometheus              Do not expose a Prometheus metric endpoint
        --no-telemetry               Disable connecting to the Substrate telemetry server
        --no-yamux-flow-control      Disable the yamux flow control. This option will be removed in the future once
                                     there is enough confidence that this feature is properly working
        --one                        Shortcut for `--name One --validator` with session keys for `One` added to keystore
        --password-interactive       Use interactive shell for entering the password used by the keystore
        --prometheus-external        Listen to all Prometheus data source interfaces
        --reserved-only              Whether to only allow connections to/from reserved nodes
        --rpc-external               Listen to all RPC interfaces
        --two                        Shortcut for `--name Two --validator` with session keys for `Two` added to keystore
        --unsafe-pruning             Force start with unsafe pruning settings
        --unsafe-rpc-external        Listen to all RPC interfaces
        --unsafe-ws-external         Listen to all Websocket interfaces
        --validator                  Enable validator mode
    -V, --version                    Prints version information
        --ws-external                Listen to all Websocket interfaces

OPTIONS:
    -d, --base-path <PATH>                                       Specify custom base path
        --bootnodes <ADDR>...                                    Specify a list of bootnodes
        --chain <CHAIN_SPEC>
            Specify the chain specification (one of dev, local, or staging)

        --database <DB>                                          Select database backend to use
        --db-cache <MiB>                                         Limit the memory the database cache can use
        --offchain-worker <ENABLED>
            Should execute offchain workers on every block [default: WhenValidating]  [possible values: Always, Never,
            WhenValidating]
        --execution <STRATEGY>
            The execution strategy that should be used by all execution contexts [possible values: Native, Wasm, Both,
            NativeElseWasm]
        --execution-block-construction <STRATEGY>
            The means of execution used when calling into the runtime while constructing blocks [default: Wasm]
            [possible values: Native, Wasm, Both, NativeElseWasm]
        --execution-import-block <STRATEGY>
            The means of execution used when calling into the runtime while importing blocks [default: NativeElseWasm]
            [possible values: Native, Wasm, Both, NativeElseWasm]
        --execution-offchain-worker <STRATEGY>
            The means of execution used when calling into the runtime while using an off-chain worker [default: Native]
            [possible values: Native, Wasm, Both, NativeElseWasm]
        --execution-other <STRATEGY>
            The means of execution used when calling into the runtime while not syncing, importing or constructing
            blocks [default: Native]  [possible values: Native, Wasm, Both, NativeElseWasm]
        --execution-syncing <STRATEGY>
            The means of execution used when calling into the runtime while syncing blocks [default: NativeElseWasm]
            [possible values: Native, Wasm, Both, NativeElseWasm]
        --in-peers <COUNT>
            Specify the maximum number of incoming connections we're accepting [default: 25]

        --enable-offchain-indexing <ENABLE_OFFCHAIN_INDEXING>
            Enable Offchain Indexing API, which allows block import to write to Offchain DB

        --keystore-path <PATH>                                   Specify custom keystore path
        --listen-addr <LISTEN_ADDR>...                           Listen on this multiaddress
    -l, --log <LOG_PATTERN>...
            Sets a custom logging filter. Syntax is <target>=<level>, e.g. -lsync=debug

        --max-parallel-downloads <COUNT>
            Maximum number of peers from which to ask for the same blocks in parallel [default: 5]

        --max-runtime-instances <max-runtime-instances>          The size of the instances cache for each runtime
        --name <NAME>                                            The human-readable name for this node
        --node-key <KEY>                                         The secret key to use for libp2p networking
        --node-key-file <FILE>
            The file from which to read the node's secret key to use for libp2p networking

        --node-key-type <TYPE>
            The type of secret key to use for libp2p networking [default: Ed25519]  [possible values: Ed25519]

        --out-peers <COUNT>
            Specify the number of outgoing connections we're trying to maintain [default: 25]

        --password <password>                                    Password used by the keystore
        --password-filename <PATH>                               File that contains the password used by the keystore
        --pool-kbytes <COUNT>
            Maximum number of kilobytes of all transactions stored in the pool [default: 20480]

        --pool-limit <COUNT>
            Maximum number of transactions in the transaction pool [default: 8192]

        --port <PORT>                                            Specify p2p protocol TCP port
        --prometheus-port <PORT>                                 Specify Prometheus data source server TCP Port
        --pruning <PRUNING_MODE>
            Specify the state pruning mode, a number of blocks to keep or 'archive'

        --public-addr <PUBLIC_ADDR>...
            The public address that other nodes will use to connect to it. This can be used if there's a proxy in front
            of this node
        --reserved-nodes <ADDR>...                               Specify a list of reserved node addresses
        --rpc-cors <ORIGINS>
            Specify browser Origins allowed to access the HTTP & WS RPC servers

        --rpc-methods <METHOD SET>
            RPC methods to expose. [default: Auto]  [possible values: Auto, Safe, Unsafe]

        --rpc-port <PORT>                                        Specify HTTP RPC server TCP port
        --sentry <sentry>...                                     Enable sentry mode
        --sentry-nodes <ADDR>...                                 Specify a list of sentry node public addresses
        --state-cache-size <Bytes>                               Specify the state cache size [default: 67108864]
        --telemetry-url <URL VERBOSITY>...                       The URL of the telemetry server to connect to
        --tracing-receiver <RECEIVER>
            Receiver to process tracing messages [default: Log]  [possible values: Log, Telemetry]

        --tracing-targets <TARGETS>                              Comma separated list of targets for tracing
        --wasm-execution <METHOD>
            Method for executing Wasm runtime code [default: Interpreted]  [possible values: Interpreted]

        --ws-max-connections <COUNT>                             Maximum number of WS RPC server connections
        --ws-port <PORT>                                         Specify WebSockets RPC server TCP port

SUBCOMMANDS:
    build-spec       Build a spec.json file, outputs to stdout
    check-block      Validate a single block
    export-blocks    Export blocks to a file
    export-state     Export state as raw chain spec
    help             Prints this message or the help of the given subcommand(s)
    import-blocks    Import blocks from file
    purge-chain      Remove the whole chain data
    revert           Revert chain to the previous state

異常處理

刪除緩存：

./target/release/substrate purge-chain  --dev

刪除指定數據庫：

rm -rf  /tmp/bob
rm -rf  /tmp/alise

檢查9944端口是否被佔用

lsof -i:9944