低代碼平臺和社區開發者的崛起：更多解決方案還是更多問題？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"本文要點"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"低代碼平臺是目前最熱門的軟件類別。在目前的投資水平下，未來會有大量由非IT人員開發的自定義業務應用程序供其團隊使用。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"低代碼平臺可以分爲三種不同的類別：UI生成軟件、集成軟件和轉換軟件。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"社區開發者使用低代碼平臺爲自己和團隊創建解決方案，因爲他們不能使用企業系統來完成某些任務。這些用戶一直都存在，你可以看到他們使用Excel出色地完成工作。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"社區開發者會帶來兩種風險。首先是集成風險，涉及到公開不應該被公開的數據。第二是轉換風險，包括應用程序中的bug或錯誤計算，從而導致糟糕的業務決策。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"低代碼解決方案的可見性是管理風險的關鍵。爲了最大化社區開發者構建的應用程序的可見性，建議你爲社區開發者提供一個單一的低代碼平臺。你還必須在該平臺上爲社區開發者提供培訓。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"低代碼平臺是目前最熱門的軟件類別。除了數百家初創企業，在過去24個月裏，三大雲服務提供商都推出了自己的低代碼平臺。在目前的投資水平下，未來會有大量由非IT人員開發的自定義業務應用程序供其團隊使用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"爲了幫助你理解這一趨勢將如何影響你的IT組織，我們將討論低代碼平臺的類型，以及你的組織中將有哪些類型的員工會被低代碼平臺所吸引。然後，我們將探討低代碼平臺如何與你的IT架構相匹配。最後，我們將提供在低代碼世界中管理IT的最佳策略。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"什麼是低代碼平臺？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"你可以把低代碼平臺想象成Excel，它們只是用戶手中的一種軟件工具，在各種各樣的業務場景中都很有用。通過這些工具，他們可以創建解決方案或問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我們將低代碼平臺分爲三個不同的類別，每個類別將吸引組織中不同類型的用戶。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":1,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"UI生成軟件"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/retool.com\/?fileGuid=lnzcQM9kAy4jvNxa","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Retool"}]},{"type":"text","text":"和"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/bubble.io\/?fileGuid=lnzcQM9kAy4jvNxa","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Bubble"}]},{"type":"text","text":"可能是這類低代碼應用程序中最著名的例子。用戶可以快速創建出用戶界面，與存儲在平臺的數據表中的數據發生交互。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"來自三大雲供應商的產品分別是："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":1,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"微軟的"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/powerapps.microsoft.com\/en-us\/?fileGuid=lnzcQM9kAy4jvNxa","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Powerapps"}]}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"谷歌的"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/appsheet?fileGuid=lnzcQM9kAy4jvNxa","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Appsheet"}]}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":3,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"AWS的"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.honeycode.aws\/?fileGuid=lnzcQM9kAy4jvNxa","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Honeycode"}]}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":4,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"集成軟件"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/zapier.com\/?fileGuid=lnzcQM9kAy4jvNxa","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Zapier"}]},{"type":"text","text":"就是這種低代碼應用程序的一個典型例子。用戶在應用程序和觸發器之間建立連接，並通過這些連接來移動數據。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":3,"normalizeStart":3},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":3,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"轉換軟件"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這一類別比較廣泛，主要目的是提升數據在應用程序之間移動的價值。這個類別包括機器學習工具（如"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/sagemaker?fileGuid=lnzcQM9kAy4jvNxa","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"AWS Sagemaker"}]},{"type":"text","text":"）、數據提取工具（如"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.sypht.com\/?fileGuid=lnzcQM9kAy4jvNxa","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Sypht"}]},{"type":"text","text":"）和RPA軟件（如"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.uipath.com\/?fileGuid=lnzcQM9kAy4jvNxa","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"UIPath"}]},{"type":"text","text":"）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"點擊"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.managedfunctions.com\/pirate?fileGuid=lnzcQM9kAy4jvNxa","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這裏"}]},{"type":"text","text":"查看更多低代碼平臺。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"什麼是社區開發者？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"社區開發者是指組織裏的員工，他們用低代碼平臺爲自己和團隊創建解決方案，以解決特定的業務問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這些用戶一直都存在，你可以看到他們使用Excel出色地完成工作。Excel用戶可以分成以下幾種類型，這與低代碼平臺用戶的分類方式是一樣的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":1,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"UI創建者：這些用戶用Excel創建表格，並對數據進行格式化，讓它們更易於閱讀。他們可能會使用諸如VLookup公式之類的技術來鏈接多個工作表的數據，就像低代碼用戶在低代碼UI應用程序中創建表關聯一樣。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"集成者：這些用戶構建更復雜的Excel應用程序，用來處理導入到Excel中的數據或者來自數據庫或API的數據。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":3,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"轉換者：這些用戶創建複雜的公式來完成數據轉換。一些用戶使用VBA創建函數來執行更復雜的轉換任務。"}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"社區開發者如何在組織中使用低代碼平臺"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"大多數社區開發者使用低代碼平臺都將經歷三個階段，其中有很多社區開發者不會超越第一或第二階段，但有些人會進入第三階段，並開發出可以被整個業務使用的全功能應用程序。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第一階段——UI生成：最初，他們將創建具有良好用戶界面的應用程序，並將數據輸入到應用程序中。例如，他們可以製作一個會議記錄應用程序，允許用戶在會議進行過程中添加會議記錄。這是UI生成階段。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第二階段——集成：隨着用戶經驗的積累，他們將進入第二個階段，開始從外部系統和數據源獲取數據。例如，他們將增強會議記錄應用程序，從Outlook中提取日曆信息，並在每次會議後給與會者發郵件，提供一份會議記錄的副本。這就是集成階段。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第三階段——轉換：最後，他們將開始創建可以執行復雜轉換的應用程序。例如，他們可以通過機器學習模型運行會議記錄來標記和存儲會議內容，以便可以按照主題進行搜索。這就是轉換階段。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"社區開發者的動機來自哪裏？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"社區開發者正在構建低代碼應用程序，因爲他們不能使用企業系統來完成某些任務。你可以將你的企業系統技術棧看成是一個馬賽克。你的目標是讓你的應用程序看起來像一堵平鋪的牆，每個應用程序都直接連接到相鄰的應用程序。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/ab\/ab9f5b2d81042e5890433570587f4c41.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但現實情況是，合併、收購、歷史異常和不斷變化的業務需求意味着你的應用程序在某些領域存在重疊，而在某些領域又存在差異。正是這些差異促使社區開發者通過Excel電子表格或使用低代碼平臺來填補。在你的用戶眼裏，你的IT技術棧可能更像下面的圖像，而不是上面的圖像那樣。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/d3\/67\/d306a43657a32f6e9b4cbd8yy9cd6767.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在過去，你有三個選項可用來填補技術棧中的缺口："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":1,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"增強企業系統，以完成所需的任務。例如，如果你的業務團隊需要來自核心繫統的數據（如金融系統或ERP系統），你的團隊可以增強核心系統，將這些信息作爲客戶記錄的一部分。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"開發自定義的應用程序，以解決用戶的特定需求。例如，如果分契物業風險評級信息對於你的核保團隊來說是有用的，你可以考慮構建一個自定義應用程序，爲你的核保團隊提供這些信息。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":3,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"購買第三方工具。例如，如果你的客戶支持團隊需要一種方法來監控有關你公司的推文，你可以考慮訂閱Twitter的監控服務。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"每種選項都有各自的優點和缺點。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第一個選項(增強核心系統)允許開發團隊在不向技術棧中添加額外系統或應用程序的情況下提供一個解決方案來滿足用戶的需求。缺點是，這些解決方案需要花費時間來構建、測試和部署，並且受到團隊可用資源的限制。用不了多久，需求就會超過你提供定製解決方案的能力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第二個選項(構建自定義解決方案)通常比第一種選項更容易，但仍然需要你付出大量的努力來開發、測試、部署和支持解決方案。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第三個選項(使用第三方解決方案)可以帶來功能非常全面的解決方案，但需要時間和資源來獲取和集成。而且，第三方解決方案通常會包含一些與你的企業系統相重疊的功能，從而導致用戶以多種方式完成同一種任務。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"社區開發者爲你提供了第四個選項，填補了IT能力的空白。從理論上講，如果你有一小羣社區開發者可以構建滿足團隊需求的應用程序，那麼組織的IT能力應該會得到顯著的提高。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但風險也很大。你可以把你的IT團隊想象成一小羣可以通過施展魔法來幫助你建設王國的奇才。現在想象一下，如果突然間每個人都可以施展魔法，那麼你的王國會發生怎樣的變化。他們可以完成偉大的事情，但也不可避免地會發生錯誤，你可能會發現有人無意中將你的城堡防禦計劃暴露給了鄰國。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"風險在哪裏？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"社區開發者會帶來兩種風險，我們將以使用Excel爲例。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":1,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"集成風險：這種風險涉及到公開不應該公開的數據，這是最不常見但卻最令人尷尬的風險。社區開發者會不經意地將數據發送到不應該發送的地方，他們會通過電子郵件發送Excel表格，當中包含了他們不打算髮送出去的數據。例如，在2017年，一名波音員工無意中將3.6萬名同事的個人信息包含Excel表格中，並通過郵件發送出去。通過API來移動數據的低代碼平臺極大地增加了發生這類問題的機會。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"轉換風險：這種風險包括應用程序中的bug或錯誤計算，從而導致糟糕的業務決策，這是Excel解決方案中最常見的問題。一些研究表明，大多數Excel電子表格至少會導致一個錯誤的發生。這類錯誤的一個例子發生在去年，一個電子表格錯誤推遲了英國一家新醫院的開業。同樣地，低代碼平臺也會包含轉換錯誤，但我們並不認爲這些錯誤會比Excel中已經存在的錯誤更普遍。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"點擊"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"http:\/\/www.eusprig.org\/horror-stories.htm?fileGuid=lnzcQM9kAy4jvNxa","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這裏"}]},{"type":"text","text":"查看更多Excel風險的例子。通讀這些內容將有助於瞭解社區開發者可能會給你帶來的風險類型。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"低代碼的每個階段對於你的組織來說都有不同的風險。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第一階段 (UI生成)的社區開發者所帶來的風險較低。他們處理的數據通常被手動輸入到應用程序中，例如上面討論的會議記錄應用程序。你應該像處理電子郵件和其他溝通方式那樣來處理這個問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第二階段(集成)社區開發者帶來的風險更高一些。他們使用低代碼平臺從系統讀取和寫入數據，如CRM(客戶關係管理)系統或外部API（如Clearbit），以此來增強潛在客戶數據或通過Mailgun批量發送電子郵件。這類應用程序會執行一些功能，比如向現場人員提供來自支持系統的工作數據，或者向銷售人員提供來自CRM的信息。這些應用程序引入了用戶身份驗證風險和數據安全問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第三階段(轉換)社區開發者帶來的風險是最高的。除了讀寫系統和外部系統的數據之外，他們還對數據進行轉換。這類應用程序包括那些利用機器學習解決方案的應用程序（如AWS Sagemaker），以此來給組織帶來獨特的好處。例如，社區開發者從你的CRM中獲取潛在客戶數據，將其與從Twitter中提取的數據結合起來，通過AWS Sagemaker運行主題模型分析，並根據他們發佈的主題來鎖定潛在客戶。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除了在集成階段引入的風險外，這些應用程序還會帶來錯誤轉換數據的風險。例如，社區開發者構建了一種機器學習模型，用於對客戶支持問題的嚴重程度進行分類，但你又不想讓他們的模型存在性別或種族偏見，以免導致組織不爲某一組客戶提供服務。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"下面的圖顯示了我們如何看待低代碼平臺存在的風險。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"每張圖顯示了其中的一個階段。每個階段的橙色部分是IT組織不應該參與的應用程序的比例。每個階段的紫色和紅色部分顯示了IT組織應該參與的應用程序的比例。紅色部分顯示了處理敏感數據的應用程序的比例，這些數據存在集成風險。紫色部分顯示了複雜性高到IT團隊必須參與的應用程序比例。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第一張圖顯示了第一類（UI生成）應用程序。這些應用程序中的大多數都是低風險的，只有當需要對應用程序中的數據類型加以控制時，IT才需要參與。例如，你不會使用會議記錄應用程序，但你會使用病人記錄應用程序。這些應用程序很少複雜到需要IT參與。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/84\/84e2c4b29597b283389469bbc8037c6c.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"下圖顯示了與其他系統集成的第二類應用程序。這一類別包含潛在風險更高的應用程序。與第一階段的應用程序相比，在這個階段IT參與的比例更高。如圖所示，紫色區域和紅色區域較大，而橙色區域較小。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/07\/076d2d88b2cce4fd2e387f5c6974783c.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最後這張圖顯示了涉及重要數據轉換功能的第三類應用程序。這個類別包含風險最高的應用程序。IT參與的比例比第二階段更大，如圖所示，紫色區域更大，而小橙色區域更小。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/aa\/aa8a17b54a6e9b558256847c51675856.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"總結：管理低代碼平臺的風險"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不管你喜不喜歡，社區開發者已經在你的組織中使用Excel了，他們即將開始要求使用新一代的低代碼平臺。我們認爲這一趨勢勢不可擋。你可以與之抗爭，或者接受這個不可避免的事實，並擁抱它。如果做得好，在組織中擁有一小羣社區開發者可以顯著提高你的IT能力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今天，大多數組織的決策者在做商業決策時使用了大量的電子表格，把組織暴露於由此帶來的重大的風險之中。如果低代碼平臺開始取代一些電子表格，並在組織中傳播，可以降低公司的整體IT風險。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最大化低代碼解決方案的可見性是管理風險的關鍵。爲了最大化社區開發者構建應用程序的可見性，我們建議爲社區開發者提供一個單一的低代碼平臺。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"你應該採用哪種低代碼的解決方案？這可能並不是最重要的。低代碼平臺的功能基本上沒有太大差別——低代碼平臺能做的事情只有這麼多，而且在這一領域的投資水平意味着它們都能做這些事情。因此，如果你心中沒有首選的低代碼平臺，那就使用你的雲供應商提供的平臺。如果你是微軟Azure的用戶，可以使用Power Apps。如果你是AWS的客戶，可以使用Honeycode。如果你是谷歌的用戶，可以使用Appsheet。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"接下來，讓你的社區開發者在這個平臺上接受培訓。一旦他們習慣於使用特定的平臺，他們就不太可能要求使用其他平臺。只要你爲你的用戶提供一條出路來滿足他們對低代碼的渴望，他們就能夠完成他們想要完成的事情。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最後，在你的團隊中分享一些關於現有IT技術棧\/雲供應商機器學習和數據轉換服務的專業知識。當你的社區開發者需要使用機器學習平臺時，他們最好使用你已經使用過的平臺，這樣你就可以更容易地控制數據。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"作者簡介"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"Doug Hudgeon"},{"type":"text","text":"是Manning出版的《商業機器學習》("},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.manning.com\/books\/machine-learning-for-business?fileGuid=lnzcQM9kAy4jvNxa","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Machine Learning for Business"}]},{"type":"text","text":")一書的合著者。該書向用戶展示瞭如何使用AWS SageMaker解決現實世界中的商業問題。他也是"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"http:\/\/www.managedfunctions.com\/?fileGuid=lnzcQM9kAy4jvNxa","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Managed Functions"}]},{"type":"text","text":"公司的首席執行官，該公司的使命是將每個業務應用程序與可操作的數據相連接。如果你的組織的業務流程過於複雜或風險太大，可以諮詢Managed Functions公司，他們可以評估低代碼應用程序的風險水平，並構建和維護集成\/轉換組件。另外，可以在AWS、Azure或谷歌雲上將組件部署爲原生雲函數，讓你的數據保留在你的環境中。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"查看英文原文"},{"type":"text","text":"："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.com\/articles\/low-code-community-developer\/?fileGuid=lnzcQM9kAy4jvNxa","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Low-Code Platforms and the Rise of the Community Developer: Lots of Solutions, or Lots of Problems?"}]}]}]}