字節跳動正式開源其Flutter調試工具UME

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"7 月 21 日，字節跳動正式在 GitHub 開源了他們的 Flutter 應用內調試工具 UME。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"UME 工具的目的是在脫離 Flutter IDE 與 DevTools 的情況下，爲開發者提供應用內的調試能力"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在字節跳動，UME 內部版已打磨了近一年時間，服務了近二十個 App，衆多插件功能廣受開發者好評。本次發佈的開源版 UME 提供了 10 個不同功能的調試插件，覆蓋 UI 檢查、性能工具、代碼查看、日誌查看等衆多功能。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Pub 地址：https:\/\/pub.dev\/packages\/flutter_ume"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"GitHub 地址：https:\/\/github.com\/bytedance\/flutter_ume"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"爲了進一步瞭解 UME 相關的信息，InfoQ 採訪了字節跳動 Flutter Infra 團隊軟件工程師趙瑞。以下爲具體內容。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"InfoQ：當時你們爲什麼要考慮研發 UME？具體是想解決哪些問題呢？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"趙瑞"},{"type":"text","text":"：決定開發 UME 的時候還是在 2020 年的夏天，西瓜視頻有數十個業務使用了 Flutter 進行構建，工程師吐槽較多的一個問題就是 Flutter App 的研發工具並不完善，像 iOS 上的 FLEX、Android 上的 Hyperion，這類工具在 Flutter 的領域完全是空白的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我們對內部的開發者也進行了一些調研，他們遇到的一些問題，比如脫離了計算機無法對 Flutter 應用進行調試；內部分發的測試包，需要一些必要的調試工具，以便產品經理、設計師進行需求驗收；Flutter 應用的網絡請求不像 Native 應用一樣容易抓包。這些問題都指向了同一個需求：Flutter 需要一系列能在應用內實現調試能力的工具。當時我們基礎技術的同學一拍即合，決心投入人力開發這樣一款工具。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"InfoQ：根據你的瞭解，行業內其他公司有做類似 UME 這樣的工具嗎？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"趙瑞"},{"type":"text","text":"：社區裏面之前是沒有的，在 UME 上線了幾個月後發現社區裏有些原本只有 Native 版本的調試工具推出了 Flutter 的版本。我們也很欣慰，這一現象說明不只我們的業務有這種需求。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"InfoQ：UME 的設計理念是？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"趙瑞"},{"type":"text","text":"：與其說 UME 是一個調試工具，不如說是調試工具平臺。強調“平臺”，是想告訴大家，UME 允許用戶自行開發插件並集成進平臺。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"UME 框架本身是一個去中心化的 Flutter package"},{"type":"text","text":"，提供了基礎的插件管理能力、通用的插件 UI 容器、通用的 VM Service 訪問接口等。我們本次發佈的開源版 10 個插件都是互相獨立、沒有耦合的包，用戶可以根據自己的需求，選擇性接入所需插件，甚至基於 UME 自行開發適合業務的插件。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在字節跳動內部，就有一些業務基於 UME 開發了各種實用工具與插件，如“視頻的 videoID 查看插件”、“登錄信息查看工具”、“測試環境切換工具”等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"接下來也會開放插件的通用協議，允許插件基於協議通信，實現插件之間互相調用的能力，敬請期待。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"InfoQ：現在你們團隊大概有幾個人開發或者維護 UME？大概有哪些業務使用？支持哪些版本的 Flutter？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"趙瑞"},{"type":"text","text":"：目前 UME 由字節跳動 Flutter Infra 團隊維護，諸多能力是由團隊中負責不同方向的同學一起攻堅出來的成果。截至目前，公司內部有近 20 個業務接入了 UME，除了大家耳熟能詳的產品之外，很多新業務也接入了 UME，並且開發者反饋較好，新特性也在持續迭代中。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本次開源的 UME 支持 1.12 至 2.2 版本的 Flutter，幾乎覆蓋了所有主流的 Flutter 版本。這幾天支持空安全特性的版本也發佈了，能夠在 2.x 版本中開啓健全的空安全特性。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"InfoQ：我看到官方說明裏，你們內部用的，和開源的版本不是一套？未來會統一嗎？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"趙瑞"},{"type":"text","text":"：內部版本和開源版本在結構上、理念上是一致的，框架主體的代碼是完全複用的，但插件的數量、插件的實現會有一定的差異。這裏主要原因是內部版很多功能依賴了引擎的改動，其中一些特性涉及的改動又很大，難以合入官方的倉庫中，因此暫時無法拿出來貢獻到社區中。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"比如說內部版允許通過自定義標記，在 Release 模式下選擇接入或剝離 UME，這就依賴了 Conditional import 特性；網絡請求的插樁收集與 Mock，依賴了自定義 Transformer。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"未來會保持內部版和開源版的同步迭代"},{"type":"text","text":"；對於一些內部版獨有的功能我們也會考慮通過解除引擎耦合、尋找替代組件、引擎改動合入官方倉庫等方案，將這些內部版功能帶給社區，打造更強大的開源版本。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"InfoQ：接下來這個開源項目有什麼中長期計劃嗎？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"趙瑞"},{"type":"text","text":"：主要是三個方向，首先會保持並提升開源項目的品質，儘量保持對 Flutter 版本的較大範圍兼容；第二加強與社區的交流與合作共建，集思廣益爲 UME 增加更多實用功能；第三將 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"UME 內部版的獨有功能，努力帶給社區"},{"type":"text","text":"，爲 Flutter 的生態添磚加瓦。"}]}]}