女吹哨人引發內部動盪，Facebook 難過道德破產危機？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"日前，美國社交網絡巨頭 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Facebook"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" 出現一個“吹哨人”弗朗絲·霍根（Frances Haugen），作爲 Facebook 的前產品經理，她向美國國會作證，爆出Facebook的大量“黑幕”。雖然在上週的員工大會問答環節，Facebook 掌門人扎克伯格應對了有關霍根的問題，但是“吹哨人”的爆料依舊引發了 Facebook 內部動盪。從內部爆料到系統宕機再到反壟斷訴訟，Facebook 面臨空前壓力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"霍根：看不慣 Facebook 將自身利益擺在第一"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"今年年初從Facebook 離職前，弗朗絲·霍根複製了大量公司內部文件，從一個多月前開始，一方面向媒體提供這些內部文件，同時將部分文件提交給了"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"美國證券交易委員會(Securities and Exchange Commission, 簡稱SEC)"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"和國會，國會也於近期邀請霍根進行了聽證會。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"從霍根的爆料來看，Facebook 主要有以下問題："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"第一，故意展示爭議性內容獲取流量。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"霍根稱，Facebook 的算法對兒童和青少年有害，且是明知故犯，其目標只有一個：賺更多的錢。“（公司）將攫取鉅額利潤置於人們的福祉之上。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在霍根的指控中，Facebook 甚至是“社會極端分子的主要陣地”：Facebook 只對3%至5%的仇恨言論以及約60%的暴力、煽動性言論進行管控。“人們接觸的憤怒越多，互動就越多，看的內容就越多，Facebook 賺的錢就越多。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"第二，影響青少年的心理健康。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"霍根再次指稱：一些熱衷於在 Facebook 分享照片和視頻的青少年因爲長期的炫耀及攀比行爲，讓他們深陷焦慮，導致嚴重的心理健康問題，甚至有青少年因此自殺。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"除此之外，霍根披露的文件還顯示 Facebook 在屏蔽和封鎖各種非法內容方面並沒有竭盡全力且單獨建立了白名單系統，使有影響力的用戶不受平臺部分甚至全部規定的限制。而對於霍根舉報Facebook的原因，她在 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/60-minutes\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"CBS《60分鐘》"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"的專訪中透漏，她是看不慣 Facebook 將自身的利益擺在公衆利益之上才挺身而出。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"扎克伯格駁斥霍根相關證詞，員工對此褒貶不一"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"對於這次爆料，扎克伯格迴應說，許多指控都是無稽之談。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"扎克伯格說:“我們故意推內容來讓人生氣以換取利潤的說法是極其不合邏輯的。“我們通過廣告賺錢，但廣告商一直告訴我們，他們不希望自己的廣告與有害或憤怒的內容相協調。我不知道有哪家科技公司開發的產品會讓人感到憤怒或沮喪。道德、商業和產品動機都指向相反的方向。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"他還特別迴應了關於臉書對青少年有負面影響的指控。“我花了很多時間思考我想爲我和別人的孩子提供什麼樣的在線體驗。對我來說，非常重要的一點是，我們開發的所有東西都必須是安全的，並且對兒童有益。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"而據消息人士披露，Facebook 員工們對於舉報人霍根看法不一：有員工表示，霍根爆出的問題，其實上都是過去老生常談的問題，Facebook 應該傾聽霍根的說法；有員工表示，霍根的爆料令人震驚，她是個英雄；不過也有員工指出，應該讓法庭對霍根頒發（披露信息）禁止令，此外公司應該就違反簽署保密協議對霍根提起訴訟；還有的員工對霍根曝黑幕的動機、她本人的背景和資質提出質疑，認爲她大爆黑料，但是在一些技術領域卻缺乏知識。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Facebook的多事之秋"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"最近Facebook 的麻煩事真是一樁接一樁。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"美東時間10月4日，Facebook 服務"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/Phrk1s1f8GWYAhB85OxP","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"全面中斷"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"，持續六個小時之久，可謂是其歷史上最嚴重的的宕機，而在美東時間10月8日 Facebook 再次出現全球性宕機，這次持續約兩個小時。一週接連兩次全球性的宕機事故讓身處反壟斷調查的 Facebook 雪上加霜。除此之外，10月12日消息，Facebook 區塊鏈及數字數字貨幣項目兩名頂級工程師離開公司，加盟 Andreessen Horowitz（a16z）加密貨幣團隊，這也讓其數字貨幣項目前程未卜。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"對於一系列危機，Facebook 也開始出手應對，據路透社報道，一名 Facebook 公司 （FBO） 高管在上週日表示，該公司將在其應用程序中引入新措施，以保護青少年免受有害內容侵害，此外，Facebook 以及旗下 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Instagram"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" 等產品也會通過提供諸如“休息一下”等提示來鼓勵青少年停止使用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"雖然問題正在逐步解決，但史無前例的宕機事件和內部爆料等對 Facebook 造成的影響非同小可。美國國會衆議院成員 Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez 表示，Facebook 爆發大規模宕機事故，凸顯了該公司在全球通信和其他服務領域的壟斷地位，再次表明 Facebook 應該被拆分。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"從內部爆料到系統宕機再到反壟斷訴訟，Facebook 正面臨“道德破產”(morally bankrupt)危機，一旦處理不好，很可能面臨高額罰款甚至被迫拆分。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Facebook 這次是否能化險爲夷？我們拭目以待。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"參考鏈接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbeta.com\/articles\/tech\/1188645.htm","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.cnbeta.com\/articles\/tech\/1188645.htm"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/baijiahao.baidu.com\/s?id=1713265243885188448&wfr=spider&for=pc","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/baijiahao.baidu.com\/s?id=1713265243885188448&wfr=spider&for=pc"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]}]}]}