小扎特煩惱：Facebook招不到工程師

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一位Facebook的招聘負責人在內部備忘錄中寫道，“整個公司目前正面臨着人才供需之間的嚴重失衡，這種感覺糟透了。”"}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Facebook遇招聘難題"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"根據一份關於招聘策略與人才挑戰的內部備忘錄，Facebook公司顯然已經找不到足夠的候選人支撐工程技術需求。人才短缺問題目前在灣區尤爲嚴重，並導致Facebook始終無法實現2021年初的員工招聘目標。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"根據Facebook向美國證券交易委員會披露的信息，這家社交巨頭早在2019年就沒能實現招聘目標，這也讓公司CEO扎克伯格感到頗爲沮喪。他隨即決定建立一支臨時領導團隊，希望制定應急計劃來解決令人頭痛的人才短缺問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這份披露材料經法律顧問Frances Haugen編輯之後提交至國會，目前已經有新聞媒體聯盟看到了這份供國會審閱的編輯版本。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這份名爲《招聘難題原因分析》的內部備忘錄定稿於今年年內，Facebook的一位招聘負責人詳盡描述了工程團隊正面臨何等嚴峻的人才高需求與低供應間的巨大失衡。備忘錄全文請請參見下圖："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這份備忘錄具體介紹了Facebook是如何覈算內部招聘需求的，公司每年需要成功招聘數千名工程師才能完成既定的產品開發與內容製作目標。備忘錄還指出，雖然Facebook已經有意培養灣區以外的工程師，但招聘經理們卻仍在堅持在本地快速招聘、對新政策的興趣似乎不大。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Facebook公司發言人在寫給媒體的一份聲明中提到，“這份備忘錄是今年5月按時發佈的標準招聘更新信息，屬於各類企業都會定期發佈的常規更新內容。我們昨天在財報電話會議中也提到，Facebook截至本季度末共有68100多名全職員工，較去年增長了20%。我們仍致力於擴大公司在美國乃至全球範圍內的招聘工作。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"面臨招聘難題的遠不止Facebook一家。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"科技行業的多項調查表明，工程師與開發人才短缺與招聘困難已經成爲各從業企業的最大擔憂之一。而且在去年，美國幾乎所有行業的勞動力市場都呈現出供應緊張的局面。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"IT 人才招聘目標難完成"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一位未具名的領導者在備忘錄中寫道，“自從我們最大限度擴充招聘範圍以來，Facebook旗下的所有技術站點都存在着人才壓力。整個公司目前正面臨着人才供需之間的嚴重失衡，這種感覺糟透了。可以說我們正在經歷成長的陣痛期。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"根據備忘錄中公佈的數據，Facebook在2020年底至2021年初期間一直沒能在灣區招募到足夠的IC5及更高級別工程師。2021年第一季度，接受入職通知的工程師比例剛剛超過50%（320人中的171人），而2020年的中位數則超過65%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這位領導者在備忘錄中坦言，“灣區範圍內IC5及更高級別工程師的入職率已經掉落至2020年之前的水平。此外，我們在西雅圖地區的入職率也有下滑的跡象。關於具體原因，我們仍在努力調查。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這份備忘錄推測，雖然Facebook在2020年新冠疫情爆發期間本有機會把握住機會招攬人才，因爲其他企業因疫情暫時性的削減了招聘，但這些競爭對手如今已經“攜風投資金”重新迴歸並再度增長。利用雄厚的資金，他們可以在勞動力市場上與Facebook開展正面爭奪。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"備忘錄還提到，除了情況最爲嚴重的灣區之外，其他 Facebook工程站點在今年第一季度的招聘工作上也都面臨着不小的壓力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這位領導者還寫道，“如果一直完不成既定招聘目標，那我們將無法順利推出產品開發計劃，至少具體推出時間會大大延後。完不成工程人才招聘目標絕對是個大問題，扎克伯格也明確表示不想讓2020年的問題重演。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"事實上，Facebook過去幾年來的內部招聘計劃也出現了重大變化，意在解決公司多次遭遇的宏觀發展目標未能達成的難題。該公司使用一套公式來計算各個團隊所需要的員工人數，其中包含以下變量：不同職級的經理、總監與工程師數量；員工流失率；初級工程師與高級工程師的比例；實習生面談率；以及人才發展預測。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"通過這套公式，Facebook之前會爲各個團隊設置固定的招聘人數，再由團隊根據實際需求微調這些工程師崗位的具體職級與定位。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但從備忘錄內容來看，這項戰略在2019年慘遭失敗，因爲任何一項單獨的變化都會給整體“長期計劃”帶來重大沖擊。結果表明，工程技術團隊遠遠未能達成2019年設定的招聘目標。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"根據備忘錄，“目前的核心問題，在於Faecbook工程團隊“做正確的事”（即在灣區以外培養更多人才）的動機並不夠強烈，很多招聘經理短視地認爲隨時都能在灣區僱傭到足以滿足當前緊急需求的人才。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但事實證明，無論是內部推動還是部門間溝通，爲解決這個問題所付諸的努力“一直沒能奏效，負面影響卻此起彼伏”，這最終激怒了扎克伯格。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"扎克伯格：不想讓問題再重演"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"於是乎，“扎克伯格明確表示不想讓2020年的問題重演。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2020年，相關解決方案出臺，新方案限制了各團隊招聘經理在本地的可招聘人數。此舉給了招聘經理們當頭一棒，但卻在2020年初及年中收效良好，似乎代表着變革成功。備忘錄提到，期間倫敦與紐約的招聘情況相當理想。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但到2021年，團隊終於意識到前一年的情況只是特例。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"於是，Facebook決定藉助良好的業務增長與人才吸納勢頭增加招聘團隊規模，並提議全面擴大新僱員需求。但似乎在一夜之間，各處站點都遇上了招聘收益下降與員工人數不足的問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在備忘錄最後一章“我們能做些什麼？”的部分，作者承認Facebook必須強大遠程人才招聘力度，充實招聘團隊規模（但這部分人才的招聘同樣競爭激烈），並針對短期供需失衡問題建立起應急團隊。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"就在半個月之前，Facebook宣佈計劃在歐洲僱用10000名工程師，幫助其構建計劃中的“元宇宙”等下一代產品。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另外在本週初，Frances Haugen在英國議會憑證時還提到，她對這個消息感到驚喜。“如果真能吸引到這10000名工程師，Facebook完全可以在安全方面大展拳腳。這着實令人期待。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"原文鏈接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.protocol.com\/workplace\/facebook-docs-hiring-recruiting-crisis?rebelltitem=19#rebelltitem19","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.protocol.com\/workplace\/facebook-docs-hiring-recruiting-crisis?rebelltitem=19#rebelltitem19"}]}]}]}