BSCI 之
LAB2 ---OSPF for Multiple Areas and Frame Relay Nonbroadcast
配置多區域的OSPF
目標：
·回顧OSPF網絡類型
·對OSPF進行配置
·驗證OSPF鄰居和ROUTER ID
·瞭解虛擬鏈路在OSPF中的作用
·設置設置虛擬鏈路
·驗證端到端連接
實驗開始之前要記得OSPF網絡類型之中，Broadcast類型的鄰居是自動發現的，而Nonbroadcast類型的鄰居是必須要手動配置的。
本次實驗用到四個7200Router 以及一個點到點的幀中繼網絡。
Router(config)#router ospf process-id //在路由器啓用OSPF進程
Router(config-router)#network network_address [wildcard_mask] area number //通告網段，並說明屬於哪個區域
Router(config-router)#neighbor ip_address //在非廣播網絡中手動配置鄰居
Router(config-if)#ip ospf priority 0 //禁止路由器接口參加DR選舉
OK,那麼開始實驗
各個路由器的配置如下：
R1#conf term
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#router ospf 1
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#router ospf 1
R1(config-router)#network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R1(config-router)#network 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R1(config-router)#network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0
R1(config-router)#neighbor 10.1.1.2
R1(config-router)#exit
R1(config-router)#network 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R1(config-router)#network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0
R1(config-router)#neighbor 10.1.1.2
R1(config-router)#exit
1#show ip ospf int s1/0
Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 10.1.1.1/24, Area 0
Process ID 1, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type NON_BROADCAST, Cost: 64
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1
Designated Router (ID) 1.1.1.1, Interface address 10.1.1.1
No backup designated router on this network
Timer intervals configured, Hello 30, Dead 120, Wait 120, Retransmit 5
oob-resync timeout 120
Hello due in 00:00:23
Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
Cisco NSF helper support enabled
IETF NSF helper support enabled
Index 2/2, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 0, maximum is 0
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
R1#R1#conf term
Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 10.1.1.1/24, Area 0
Process ID 1, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type NON_BROADCAST, Cost: 64
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1
Designated Router (ID) 1.1.1.1, Interface address 10.1.1.1
No backup designated router on this network
Timer intervals configured, Hello 30, Dead 120, Wait 120, Retransmit 5
oob-resync timeout 120
Hello due in 00:00:23
Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
Cisco NSF helper support enabled
IETF NSF helper support enabled
Index 2/2, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 0, maximum is 0
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
R1#R1#conf term
R2的配置
R2(config)#int s2/0
R2(config-if)#ip ospf priority 0
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R2(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
R2(config-router)#
R2(config-router)#net
*Mar 20 20:03:29.163: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on Serial2/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
R2(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
R2(config-router)#network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 area 0
R2(config-router)#end
R2#
R2(config-if)#ip ospf priority 0
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R2(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
R2(config-router)#
R2(config-router)#net
*Mar 20 20:03:29.163: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on Serial2/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
R2(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
R2(config-router)#network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 area 0
R2(config-router)#end
R2#
R2#
R2#show ip ospf int s2/0
Serial2/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 10.1.1.2/24, Area 0
Process ID 1, Router ID 2.2.2.2, Network Type NON_BROADCAST, Cost: 64
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DROTHER, Priority 0
Designated Router (ID) 1.1.1.1, Interface address 10.1.1.1
No backup designated router on this network
Timer intervals configured, Hello 30, Dead 120, Wait 120, Retransmit 5
oob-resync timeout 120
Hello due in 00:00:19
Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
Cisco NSF helper support enabled
IETF NSF helper support enabled
Index 1/1, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
Adjacent with neighbor 1.1.1.1 (Designated Router)
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
R2#
R2#show ip ospf int s2/0
Serial2/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 10.1.1.2/24, Area 0
Process ID 1, Router ID 2.2.2.2, Network Type NON_BROADCAST, Cost: 64
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DROTHER, Priority 0
Designated Router (ID) 1.1.1.1, Interface address 10.1.1.1
No backup designated router on this network
Timer intervals configured, Hello 30, Dead 120, Wait 120, Retransmit 5
oob-resync timeout 120
Hello due in 00:00:19
Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
Cisco NSF helper support enabled
IETF NSF helper support enabled
Index 1/1, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
Adjacent with neighbor 1.1.1.1 (Designated Router)
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
R2#
R2#show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
1.1.1.1 1 FULL/DR 00:01:46 10.1.1.1 Serial2/0
R2#
1.1.1.1 1 FULL/DR 00:01:46 10.1.1.1 Serial2/0
R2#
R3配置
R3>en
R3#conf term
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R3(config)#router ospf 1
R3(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
R3(config-router)#
*Mar 20 20:08:20.915: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
R3(config-router)#network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0 area 1
R3(config-router)#end
R3#show ip
*Mar 20 20:14:53.371: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R3#show ip ospf interface fa0/0
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 172.16.1.3/24, Area 1
Process ID 1, Router ID 192.168.1.3, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State BDR, Priority 1
Designated Router (ID) 2.2.2.2, Interface address 172.16.1.2
Backup Designated router (ID) 192.168.1.3, Interface address 172.16.1.3
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
oob-resync timeout 40
Hello due in 00:00:03
Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
Cisco NSF helper support enabled
IETF NSF helper support enabled
Index 1/1, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
Adjacent with neighbor 2.2.2.2 (Designated Router)
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
R3#
R3#conf term
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R3(config)#router ospf 1
R3(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
R3(config-router)#
*Mar 20 20:08:20.915: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
R3(config-router)#network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0 area 1
R3(config-router)#end
R3#show ip
*Mar 20 20:14:53.371: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R3#show ip ospf interface fa0/0
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 172.16.1.3/24, Area 1
Process ID 1, Router ID 192.168.1.3, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State BDR, Priority 1
Designated Router (ID) 2.2.2.2, Interface address 172.16.1.2
Backup Designated router (ID) 192.168.1.3, Interface address 172.16.1.3
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
oob-resync timeout 40
Hello due in 00:00:03
Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
Cisco NSF helper support enabled
IETF NSF helper support enabled
Index 1/1, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
Adjacent with neighbor 2.2.2.2 (Designated Router)
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
R3#
R3#
R3#show ip ospf neighbor
R3#show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
2.2.2.2 1 FULL/DR 00:00:33 172.16.1.2 FastEthernet0/0
R3#
2.2.2.2 1 FULL/DR 00:00:33 172.16.1.2 FastEthernet0/0
R3#
R4配置
R4>
R4>en
R4#
R4#
R4#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R4(config)#router ospf 1
R4(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
R4(config-router)#network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0 area
*Mar 20 20:17:22.227: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.1.3 on GigabitEthernet1/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
R4(config-router)#network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0 area 2
到這裏的時候，要開始進行虛擬鏈路的配置，否則區域2沒法跟區域0聯繫。
區域2要配置命令來穿越區域1。
Router(config-router)# area number virtual-link route-id //生成一條從路由器到區域0的虛鏈路。
注意：此命令必須要在虛鏈路兩端進行配置。
number號是爲了到達區域0而必須穿越的區域號；
router-id是虛鏈路另一端的路由器的Router ID。
首先對R2配置：
R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#area 1 virtual-link 3.3.3.3
R2(config-router)#end
R2(config-router)#area 1 virtual-link 3.3.3.3
R2(config-router)#end
接着配置R3:
R3(config)#router ospf 1
R3(config-router)#area 1 virtual-link 2.2.2.2
R3(config-router)#end
R3(config-router)#area 1 virtual-link 2.2.2.2
R3(config-router)#end
SHOW一下看看是否成功：
R3#SHOW IP OSPF VIRtual-links
Virtual Link OSPF_VL0 to router 2.2.2.2 is up
Run as demand circuit
DoNotAge LSA allowed.
Transit area 1, via interface FastEthernet0/0, Cost of using 1
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
Hello due in 00:00:06
Virtual Link OSPF_VL0 to router 2.2.2.2 is up
Run as demand circuit
DoNotAge LSA allowed.
Transit area 1, via interface FastEthernet0/0, Cost of using 1
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
Hello due in 00:00:06
Summary:
·Reviewing OSPF network types
·Configuring OSPF
·Verifying OSPF neighbors and router IDs
·Verifying OSPF neighbors and router IDs
·Describing the need for virtual link
·Configuring virtual links
·Verifying end-to-end connectivity
後記：
有一次配置這個實驗的時候，遇到一個很奇怪的問題，就是配置好虛鏈路之後，在R2上面顯示該鏈路是DOWN，而在R3上面顯示是UP的。
下面是用來分析的錯誤信息：
R2#
*Mar 20 20:53:07.727: %OSPF-4-ERRRCV: Received invalid packet: mismatch area ID, from backbone area must be virtual-link but not found from 172.16.1.3, Ethernet1/1
*Mar 20 20:53:07.727: %OSPF-4-ERRRCV: Received invalid packet: mismatch area ID, from backbone area must be virtual-link but not found from 172.16.1.3, Ethernet1/1
R3#show ip ospf virtual-links
Virtual Link OSPF_VL0 to router 2.2.2.2 is up
Run as demand circuit
DoNotAge LSA allowed.
Transit area 1, via interface FastEthernet0/0, Cost of using 1
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
Hello due in 00:00:08
Virtual Link OSPF_VL0 to router 2.2.2.2 is up
Run as demand circuit
DoNotAge LSA allowed.
Transit area 1, via interface FastEthernet0/0, Cost of using 1
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
Hello due in 00:00:08
一開始不知道該怎麼解決，在R2和R3上重新配置一次鏈路，還是顯示這個信息，然後又SHOW 了一下R2的OSPF鄰居，居然顯示的是R3的192.168.1.3接口，估計是當初最初沒有配置R3的迴環接口，這樣即使後來配置了也是沒用。又想起鄰居有生存時間間隔比較短暫，於是把R3關閉了，過了一會再重啓，這樣R2就能夠重新學習到鄰居，於是問題也就解決了。
拓撲圖如下：
（注：接口與實際接口不同，圖片作爲結構圖參考）
