看來總結的工作不是那麼簡單,昨天半夜弄到3點,到現在用戶管理部分才完成還不到一半,這部分內容太多了,濃縮很費力。又得找實驗例子,不是知道以後的生產環境是咋樣的。打好基礎吧,天天向上。
這個是管理篇的網絡部分。網絡部分會用到一些路由的知識,靜態路由的。還有什麼是DNS,DNS緩存是啥.這篇的目的就是,配置你的電腦,能在局域網中正常使用。也有一些稍微高級的內容如bonding,虛擬機橋接br0等用來做實驗用!
先進入主題:
跟本地連接很像的東西,networkmanager 動態網絡控制,能夠配置自動網絡參數,在gnome的applet上面。,就是兩臺電腦圖標連在一起的。
這個東西,主要是在圖形界面用的比較多。 但是不能ADSL寬帶撥號,得另下工具。可以設置***等。創建無線網絡,共享有線,跟windows上做個wifi熱點有點像(需要在防火牆上做NAT)。
[root@kikupotter ~]# rpm -qa | grep NetworkManager
NetworkManager-0.8.1-15.el6.x86_64
NetworkManager-glib-0.8.1-15.el6.x86_64
NetworkManager-gnome-0.8.1-15.el6.x86_64
[root@kikupotter ~]# service NetworkManager status
NetworkManager (pid 2262) is running...
[root@kikupotter ~]# chkconfig NetworkManager on
[root@kikupotter ~]# chkconfig --list | grep NetworkManager
NetworkManager 0:關閉 1:關閉 2:啓用 3:啓用 4:啓用 5:啓用 6:關閉
NetworkManager-0.8.1-15.el6.x86_64
NetworkManager-glib-0.8.1-15.el6.x86_64
NetworkManager-gnome-0.8.1-15.el6.x86_64
[root@kikupotter ~]# service NetworkManager status
NetworkManager (pid 2262) is running...
[root@kikupotter ~]# chkconfig NetworkManager on
[root@kikupotter ~]# chkconfig --list | grep NetworkManager
NetworkManager 0:關閉 1:關閉 2:啓用 3:啓用 4:啓用 5:啓用 6:關閉
網卡部分:
Interface configuration files
/etc/hosts | 本機ip與主機名的關係,如果局域網內沒有dns可以爲小型的局域網內提供DNS功能。 |
/etc/resolv.conf | DNS服務器地址。 |
/etc/sysconfig/network-script/ifcfg-xxx | 網卡設備配置參數 |
/etc/sysconfig/network | 路由跟主機名相關參數 |
網卡設備配置參數
2. Interface control scripts
網卡配置
配置的時候,我們一定先掛掉NetworkManager 不然網卡配了 ,起不來。 [root@kikupotter ~]# service network restart Shutting down interface eth0: Error: Device 'eth0' (/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Devices/0) disconnecting failed: This device is not active [FAILED] Shutting down interface wlan0: Device state: 3 (disconnected) [ OK ] Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up interface eth0: Error: Connection activation failed: Device not managed by NetworkManager [FAILED] //先掛掉。 [root@kikupotter ~]# service NetworkManager stop Stopping NetworkManager daemon: [ OK ] |
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
IPADDR=192.168.0.1
USERCTL=no
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
IPADDR=192.168.0.1
USERCTL=no
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
ONBOOT=yes
[root@kikupotter ~]# service network restart
Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ]
Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ]
Bringing up interface eth0: [ OK ]
Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ]
Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ]
Bringing up interface eth0: [ OK ]
實驗,虛擬機添加了兩張網卡,eth0 ,eth1.
[root@kikupotter3 ~]#cd /etc/sysconfig/network-script/
[root@kikupotter3 network-scripts]# touch ifcfg-bond0
[root@kikupotter3 network-scripts]# touch ifcfg-bond0
###bond0
DEVICE=bond0
IPADDR=192.168.1.1
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
USERCTL=no
BONDING_OPTS='mode=1 miimon=100'
DEVICE=bond0
IPADDR=192.168.1.1
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
USERCTL=no
BONDING_OPTS='mode=1 miimon=100'
[root@kikupotter3 network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes
USERCTL=no
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes
USERCTL=no
[root@kikupotter3 network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-eth1
DEVICE=eth1
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes
USERCTL=no
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes
USERCTL=no
[root@kikupotter3 modprobe.d]# touch bonding.conf
[root@kikupotter3 modprobe.d]# vim bonding.conf
alias bond0 bonding
[root@kikupotter3 modprobe.d]# vim bonding.conf
alias bond0 bonding
[root@kikupotter3 network-scripts]# /etc/init.d/network restart
正在關閉接口 bond0: [確定]
關閉環回接口: [確定]
彈出環回接口: [確定]
彈出界面 bond0: [確定]
[root@kikupotter3 network-scripts]#
正在關閉接口 bond0: [確定]
關閉環回接口: [確定]
彈出環回接口: [確定]
彈出界面 bond0: [確定]
[root@kikupotter3 network-scripts]#
[root@kikupotter3 ~]# ifconfig
bond0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:00:72:69
inet addr:192.168.122.2 Bcast:192.168.122.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::5054:ff:fe00:7269/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MASTER MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:2868 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:917 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:211486 (206.5 KiB) TX bytes:125152 (122.2 KiB)
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:00:72:69
UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:2138 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:890 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:171374 (167.3 KiB) TX bytes:121458 (118.6 KiB)
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:00:72:69
UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:731 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:28 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:40178 (39.2 KiB) TX bytes:3808 (3.7 KiB)
bond0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:00:72:69
inet addr:192.168.122.2 Bcast:192.168.122.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::5054:ff:fe00:7269/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MASTER MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:2868 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:917 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:211486 (206.5 KiB) TX bytes:125152 (122.2 KiB)
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:00:72:69
UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:2138 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:890 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:171374 (167.3 KiB) TX bytes:121458 (118.6 KiB)
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:00:72:69
UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:731 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:28 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:40178 (39.2 KiB) TX bytes:3808 (3.7 KiB)
cd /etc/sysconfig/network-script/
touch ifcfg-br0
touch ifcfg-br0
DEVICE=br0
TYPE=Bridge
IPADDR=192.168.0.1
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
NM_CONTROLLED=no
DELAY=0
TYPE=Bridge
IPADDR=192.168.0.1
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
NM_CONTROLLED=no
DELAY=0
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-script/ifcfg-xxx
DEVICE=ethX
TYPE=Ethernet
HWADDR=AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=no
BRIDGE=br0
TYPE=Ethernet
HWADDR=AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=no
BRIDGE=br0
物理機如果有雙網卡,則在物理機上做bond0,然後虛擬機裏又有網卡,那麼我們做brbond0(類似橋接卡),vm1的網卡,跟vm2的網卡做brbond0的困綁。(有設備的同學可以做一下 挺簡單的)
3. Network function files
網絡控制腳本(跟多的控制腳本請參考文檔!!大概有十幾個)
啓動停止網卡:ifup ,ifdown。
這兩個腳本 用到了這兩個文件,初始化網絡的時候用。
/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions
網絡方面碰到的問題,還不是很多,以後會根據不斷的積累來修改完善文章。這一塊如果跟網絡服務一起寫是不是會好一些呢?
看到章的朋友,啊!能不能給些建議!謝謝。