練習一：創建卷組
準備3塊10G的空閒分區，將類型ID修改爲8e （LVM）
[root@localhost~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
進入交互模式通過新建n-p-分區號-開始位置-結束位置（分區大小）
交互模式t修改類型-分區號-類型爲8e
DeviceBoot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 1217 9775521 8e Linux LVM
W保存後退出
使用其中2塊分區組建名爲myvg的卷組，查看此卷組信息
先檢查有哪些物理卷
[root@localhost~]# pvscan
Nomatching physical volumes found
將兩塊空閒分區轉換成物理卷
例：[root@localhost~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
Writingphysical volume data to disk "/dev/sdb1"
Physicalvolume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
再檢查有哪些物理卷，查看其中一個物理卷的詳細信息
[root@localhost~]# pvscan
PV/dev/sdb1 lvm2 [9.32 GB]
PV/dev/sdb2 lvm2 [9.32GB]
Total:2 [18.65 GB] / in use: 0 [0 ] / in noVG: 2 [18.65 GB]
[root@localhost~]# pvdisplay /dev/sdb1
"/dev/sdb1" is anew physical volume of "9.32 GB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1
VG Name
PV Size 9.32 GB
Allocatable NO
PE Size (KByte) 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID 9QuHkE-pXKI-tlWM-vJdv-2qmt-Sd3A-p8Sbwq
先查看有哪些卷組
[root@localhost~]# vgdisplay
Novolume groups found
將兩個物理卷整編成卷組myvg
[root@localhost~]# vgcreatemyvg /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2
Volumegroup "myvg" successfully created
再查看有哪些卷組，並查看卷組myvg的詳細信息
[root@localhost~]# vgdisplay
---Volume group ---
VGName myvg
SystemID
Format lvm2
MetadataAreas 2
MetadataSequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VGStatus resizable
MAXLV 0
CurLV 0
OpenLV 0
MaxPV 0
CurPV 2
ActPV 2
VGSize 18.64 GB
PESize 4.00 MB
TotalPE 4772
AllocPE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 4772 / 18.64 GB
VGUUID oSPZlv-Gt6D-gTQA-Gmw6-OsRd-TRqD-gcfbr0
練習二：創建/使用/擴展邏輯卷
劃分一個16G的邏輯卷，名稱爲lvmox，查看邏輯卷信息
[root@localhost~]# lvcreate -L 16G -n lvmoxmyvg
Logicalvolume "lvmox" created
[root@localhost~]# lvdisplay
---Logical volume ---
LVName /dev/myvg/lvmox
VGName myvg
LVUUID r22EGe-Cvg5-D1Qf-Q6lt-s3SJ-XuL1-gIALQD
LVWrite Access read/write
LVStatus available
#open 0
LVSize 16.00 GB
CurrentLE 4096
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Readahead sectors auto
-currently set to 256
Blockdevice 253:0
將此邏輯卷格式化爲ext3文件系統，並掛載到/mbox目錄
格式化該邏輯卷:
[root@localhost~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/myvg/lvmox
掛載
[root@localhost~]# mkdir /mbox
[root@localhost~]# mount /dev/myvg/lvmox /mbox/
通過mount命令查看：
/dev/mapper/myvg-lvmoxon /mbox type ext3 (rw)
進入/mbox目錄，測試讀寫操作
寫入：[root@localhostmbox]#ifconfig> 121.txt
[root@localhostmbox]#ls
121.txtlost+found
讀取：[root@localhostmbox]# cat 121.txt
eth0 Link encap:EthernetHWaddr00:0C:29:19:BB:76
將邏輯卷從16G擴展爲24G，確保df識別的大小準確
先擴展卷組（增加一個10G物理卷），再擴展邏輯卷
[root@localhostmbox]#vgextendmyvg /dev/sdb3
Nophysical volume label read from /dev/sdb3
Writingphysical volume data to disk "/dev/sdb3"
Physicalvolume "/dev/sdb3" successfully created
Volumegroup "myvg" successfully extended
擴展邏輯卷：
[root@localhostmbox]#lvextend -L +8G /dev/myvg/lvmox
Extendinglogical volume lvmox to 24.00 GB
Logicalvolume lvmox successfully resized
resize2fs識別新文件系統的大小
[root@localhostmbox]#resize2fs /dev/myvg/lvmox
創建一個大小爲250M的邏輯卷lvtest
[root@localhostmbox]#vgchange -s 1M myvg
Volumegroup "myvg" successfully changed
查看：
[root@localhostmbox]#vgdisplay
---Volume group ---
VGName myvg
SystemID
Format lvm2
MetadataAreas 3
MetadataSequence No 5
VGAccess read/write
VGStatus resizable
MAXLV 0
CurLV 1
OpenLV 1
MaxPV 0
CurPV 3
ActPV 3
VGSize 27.96 GB
PESize 1.00 MB
TotalPE 28632
AllocPE / Size 24576 / 24.00 GB
Free PE / Size 4056 / 3.96 GB
VGUUID oSPZlv-Gt6D-gTQA-Gmw6-OsRd-TRqD-gcfbr0
練習三：邏輯卷綜合應用
刪除上一練習建立的卷組myvg
保證沒有使用或者掛載的時候刪除
[root@localhost~]# vgremovemyvg
Doyou really want to remove volume group "myvg" containing 1 logicalvolumes? [y/n]: y
Doyou really want to remove active logical volume lvmox? [y/n]: y
Logicalvolume "lvmox" successfully removed
Volumegroup "myvg" successfully removed
使用其中2個物理卷組成卷組vgnsd，另一個物理卷組成卷組vgdata
[root@localhost~]# vgcreatevgnsd /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2
Volumegroup "vgnsd" successfully created
[root@localhost~]# vgcreatevgdata /dev/sdb3
Volumegroup "vgdata" successfully created
從卷組vgnsd中創建一個20G的邏輯卷lvhome
[root@localhost~]# lvcreate -L 16G -n lvhomevgnsd
Logicalvolume "lvhome" created
從卷組vgdata中創建一個4G的邏輯卷lvswap
[root@localhost~]# lvcreate -L 4G -n lvswapvgdata
Logicalvolume "lvswap" created
將/home目錄遷移到邏輯卷lvhome上
[root@localhost~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/vgnsd/lvhome
[root@localhost~]# mkdir /1
[root@localhost~]# mv /home/* /1
[root@localhost~]# mount /dev/vgnsd/lvhome /home
/dev/mapper/vgnsd-lvhomeon /home type ext3 (rw)
將邏輯卷lvswap擴展到交換空間
格式化邏輯卷lvswap：
[root@localhost~]# mkswap /dev/vgdata/lvswap
Settingup swapspace version 1, size = 4294963 kB
[root@localhost~]# swapon /dev/vgdata/lvswap
[root@localhost~]# swapon -s
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/sda3partition 200804 0 -1
/dev/mapper/vgdata-lvswap partition 4194296 0 -2
爲第5、6步配置開機自動掛載，重啓後驗證
通過以下加載
[root@localhost ~]# vim/etc/fstab
練習四：創建軟RAID陣列
添加4塊大小均爲20GB的空磁盤
將其中第一塊、第二塊磁盤劃分爲單個主分區
把上述分區的類型ID改成fd
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 2610 20964793+ fd Linux raid autodetect
2）陣列創建練習
創建RAID0設備/dev/md0、RAID1設備/dev/md1
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C/dev/md0 -l0 -n2 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1
mdadm: array /dev/md0started.
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C/dev/md1 -l1 -n2 /dev/sdd /dev/sde
mdadm: array /dev/md1started.
b）查看這兩個陣列的容量及成員盤個數 【-Q、-D】
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D/dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 0.90
Creation Time : Wed Jun 4 19:04:41 2014
Raid Level : raid0
Array Size : 41929344 (39.99GiB 42.94 GB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 2
Preferred Minor : 0
Persistence : Superblock ispersistent
Update Time : Wed Jun 4 19:04:41 2014
State : clean
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Chunk Size : 64K
UUID :923d3722:10437de4:f871f97a:b358ef7b
Events : 0.1
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1
1 8 33 1 active sync /dev/sdc1
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D/dev/md1
/dev/md1:
Version : 0.90
Creation Time : Wed Jun 4 19:05:15 2014
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 20971456 (20.00GiB 21.47 GB)
Used DevSize : 20971456(20.00 GiB 21.47 GB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 2
Preferred Minor : 1
Persistence : Superblock ispersistent
Update Time : Wed Jun 4 19:06:59 2014
State : clean
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
UUID :1a6e3772:e4b55604:dbe09f01:b78a3faa
Events : 0.4
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 48 0 active sync /dev/sdd
1 8 64 1 active sync /dev/sde
解散並刪除陣列設備/dev/md0和/dev/md1 【-S】
[root@localhost~]# mdadm -S /dev/md0
mdadm:stopped /dev/md0
[root@localhost~]# rm -rf /dev/md0
創建RAID5軟陣列設備 /dev/md0
第一個成員盤用分區來做
其餘三個成員盤用整塊磁盤來做
用fdisk分別查看第一塊、第二塊磁盤的分區表
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C/dev/md0 -l5 -n4 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sd[c-e]
mdadm: /dev/sdb1 appears tobe part of a raid array:
level=raid0 devices=2ctime=Wed Jun 4 19:04:41 2014
mdadm: /dev/sdd appears tobe part of a raid array:
level=raid1 devices=2ctime=Wed Jun 4 19:05:15 2014
mdadm: /dev/sde appears tobe part of a raid array:
level=raid1 devices=2ctime=Wed Jun 4 19:05:15 2014
Continue creating array? y
mdadm: array /dev/md0started.
練習五：格式化並使用陣列
將RAID5陣列/dev/md0格式化成EXT3文件系統
[root@localhost~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/md0
將陣列設備/dev/md0掛載到/mymd目錄
[root@localhost~]# mkdir /mymd
[root@localhost~]# mount /dev/md0 /mymd/
Mount查看
/dev/md0on /mymd type ext3 (rw)
進入/mymd目錄，測試讀寫
寫入：[root@localhostmymd]#ls> 12.txt
[root@localhostmymd]#ls
12.txtlost+found
讀取：[root@localhostmymd]#cat 12.txt
12.txt
lost+found
練習六：RAID5陣列的故障測試
通過VMware設置拔掉陣列/dev/md0的最後一個成員
[root@localhostmymd]#mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version: 0.90
CreationTime : Wed Jun 4 19:10:30 2014
RaidLevel : raid5
ArraySize : 62894016 (59.98 GiB 64.40 GB)
UsedDevSize : 20964672 (19.99 GiB 21.47 GB)
RaidDevices : 4
TotalDevices : 4
PreferredMinor : 0
Persistence: Superblock is persistent
UpdateTime : Wed Jun 4 19:16:02 2014
State: clean, degraded
ActiveDevices : 3
WorkingDevices : 3
FailedDevices : 1
SpareDevices : 0
Layout: left-symmetric
ChunkSize : 64K
UUID: 8a0dd0eb:2fdf8913:00f9e8e9:972e8b80
Events: 0.14
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1
1 8 32 1 active sync /dev/sdc
2 8 48 2 active sync /dev/sdd
3 0 0 3 removed
4 8 64 - faulty spare /dev/sde
2）再次訪問/mymd，測試讀寫
3）RAID5陣列的故障盤替換
將已失效的成員盤標記爲失敗
[root@localhostmymd]# mdadm/dev/md0 -f /dev/sde
mdadm: set /dev/sde faultyin /dev/md0
移除已失效的成員盤
[root@localhostmymd]# mdadm/dev/md0 -r /dev/sde
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sde
重新添加一個完好的成員盤（與其他成員盤大小一致）
[root@localhostmymd]#mdadm /dev/md0 -a /dev/sde
mdadm:added /dev/sde
觀察陣列狀態信息，查看修復過程
[root@localhostmymd]#watch cat /proc/mdstat
Every2.0s: cat /proc/mdstat Wed Jun 4 19:22:10 2014
Personalities: [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]
md0: active raid5 sde[4] sdd[2] sdc[1] sdb1[0]
62894016blocks level 5, 64k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/3] [UUU_]
[================>....] recovery = 82.3% (17257344/20964672) fi
nish=0.3minspeed=196343K/sec
unuseddevices: <none>
練習七：保存、重組陣列
查詢當前正在運行的陣列設置
[root@localhostmymd]#mdadm -vDs
ARRAY/dev/md0 level=raid5 num-devices=4 metadata=0.90UUID=8a0dd0eb:2fdf8913:00f9e8e9:972e8b80
devices=/dev/sdb1,/dev/sdc,/dev/sdd,/dev/sde
保存正在運行的陣列設置爲/etc/mdadm.conf
[root@localhostmymd]#mdadm -vDs> /etc/mdadm.conf
解散並刪除陣列/dev/md0
[root@localhost~]# umount /dev/md0
[root@localhost~]# mdadm -S /dev/md0
mdadm:stopped /dev/md0
[root@localhost~]# rm -rf /dev/md0
重組陣列/dev/md0，並掛載測試
[root@localhost~]# mdadm -A /dev/md0
mdadm:/dev/md0 has been started with 4 drives.
[root@localhost~]# mount /dev/md0 /mymd/
/dev/md0on /mymd type ext3 (rw)