java實現哈夫曼壓縮與解壓縮

目錄

哈夫曼壓縮與解壓縮(java版)

一哈夫曼樹以及文件壓縮原理:

1.哈夫曼樹 :

2.如何利用haffman編碼實現文件壓縮:

二主要技術點:

三實現過程:

四運行展示: 


哈夫曼壓縮與解壓縮(java版)

一哈夫曼樹以及文件壓縮原理:

1.哈夫曼樹 :

給定N個權值作爲N個葉子結點,構造一棵二叉樹,若該樹的帶權路徑長度達到最小,稱這樣的二叉樹爲最優二叉樹,也稱爲哈夫曼樹。哈夫曼樹是帶權路徑長度最短的樹,權值較大的結點離根較近(頻率越高的結點離根越進)。

以 下數組爲例,構建哈夫曼樹

int a[] = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}

我們可以發現以下規律

1:9個數構成的哈夫曼樹一共有17個結點,也就是可以n個數可以生產2*n-1個結點

2:數字越大的數離根節點越近,越小的數離根節點越近。

2.如何利用haffman編碼實現文件壓縮:

比如abc.txt文件中有以下字符aaaabbbccde,

1.進行字符統計

aaaabbbccde

a : 4次
b : 3次
c : 2次
d : 1次
e : 1次

2.用統計結果構建哈夫曼樹

3.用哈夫曼樹生成哈夫曼編碼(從根結點開始,路徑左邊記爲0,右邊記爲1):

a的編碼:1
b的編碼:01
c的編碼:000
d的編碼:0011
e的編碼:0010

4.哈夫曼編碼代替字符,進行壓縮。

源文件內容爲:aaaabbbccde
將源文件用對應的哈夫曼編碼(haffman code)替換,則有:11110101 01000000 00110010   (總共3個字節)

由此可見,源文件一共有11個字符,佔11字節的內存,但是經過用haffman code替換之後,只佔3個字節,這樣就能達到壓縮的目的

二主要技術點:

1.哈夫曼樹算法(哈夫曼壓縮的基本算法)

2.哈希算法(字符統計時候會用到,也可以直接用HashMap統計)

3.位運算(涉及到將指定位,置0或置1)

4.java文件操作,以及緩衝操作。

5.存儲模式(大端存儲,小端存儲,能看懂文件16進制的形式)

7.設置壓縮密碼,解壓輸入密碼解壓(小編自己加的內容)

三實現過程:

以上述aaaabbbccde爲例

1.字符統計:

public class FreqHuf {
	public static int BUFFER_SIZE = 1 << 18;
	int freq[] = new int[256];
	File file;
	int count;
	List<HuffmanFreq> list;
	
	FreqHuf(String pathname) throws Exception {
		list = new ArrayList<>();
		this.file = new File(pathname);
		if(!file.exists()){
			throw new Exception("文件不存在");
		}
		System.out.println("進行字符統計中");
		CensusChar();
		System.out.println("字符統計完畢");
	}
	
	public void CensusChar() throws IOException{
		int intchar;
		FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
		System.out.println("統計中");

//這種統計處理方案,速度極慢,不建議使用,以下采用緩存讀數據。
//		while((intchar = fis.read()) != -1){
//			freq[intchar]++;
//		}

		//這裏採用緩存機制,一次讀1 << 18個字節,大大提高效率。
		byte[] bytes = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
		while((intchar = fis.read(bytes))!= -1){
			for(int i = 0; i < intchar;i++){
				int temp = bytes[i]& 0xff;
				freq[temp]++;
			}
		}
		
		
		
		fis.close();
		
		for(int i = 0; i < 256; i++){
			if(freq[i] != 0){
				this.count++;
			}
		}
		
		int index = 0;
		for(int i = 0; i < 256; i++){
			if(freq[i] != 0){
				HuffmanFreq huffman = new HuffmanFreq();
				huffman.character = (char)i;
				huffman.freq = freq[i];
				list.add(index, huffman);
			}
		}
	}
}
//統計每個字符和其頻率的類
public class HuffmanFreq {
	char character;
	int freq;
	
	HuffmanFreq() {
	}
	
	HuffmanFreq(int character,int freq) {
		this.character = (char)character;
		this.freq = freq;
	}

	char getCharacter() {
		return character;
	}

	void setCharacter(int character) {
		this.character = (char)character;
	}

	int getFreq() {
		return freq;
	}

	void setFreq(int freq) {
		this.freq = freq;
	}
	
	byte[] infoToByte(){
		byte[] bt = new byte[6];
		
		byte[] b1 = ByteAnd8Types.charToByte(character);
		for(int i= 0; i < b1.length;i++){
			bt[i] = b1[i];
		}
		
		byte[] b2 = ByteAnd8Types.intToBytes2(freq);
		int index = 2;
		for(int i= 0; i < b2.length;i++){
			bt[index++] = b2[i];
		}
		
		return bt;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Huffman [character=" + character + ", freq=" + freq + "]";
	}
}

2.用統計結果構建哈夫曼樹:

//treeSize爲總節點數
private void creatTree(int treeSize){
		int temp;
		treeList = new ArrayList<HuffTreeNode>();
		for(int i =  0; i < treeSize; i++){
			HuffTreeNode node = new HuffTreeNode();
			treeList.add(i, node);
		}
		
		for(int i = 0; i < charCount; i++){
			HuffTreeNode node = treeList.get(i);
			node.freq.freq = charList.get(i).getFreq();
			node.freq.character = charList.get(i).getCharacter();
			node.left = -1;
			node.right = -1;
			node.use = 0;
		}
		
		for(int i = charCount; i < treeSize; i++){
			int index = i;
			HuffTreeNode node = treeList.get(i);
			node.use = 0;
			node.freq.character = '#';
			node.right = searchmin(index);
			node.left = searchmin(index);
			node.freq.freq = treeList.get(node.right).freq.freq + treeList.get(node.left).freq.freq;
			temp  = searchmin(++index);
			if(temp == -1){
				break;
			}
			treeList.get(temp).use = 0;
		}
	}
	
	private int searchmin(int count){
		int minindex = -1;
		
		for(int i = 0; i < count; i++){
			if(treeList.get(i).use == 0){
				minindex = i;
				break;
			}
		}
		if(minindex == -1){
			return -1;
		}
		for(int i = 0; i < count; i++){
			if((treeList.get(i).freq.freq <= treeList.get(minindex).freq.freq) && treeList.get(i).use == 0){
				minindex = i;
			}
		}
		treeList.get(minindex).use = 1;
		return minindex;
	}

3.用哈夫曼樹生成哈夫曼編碼(從根結點開始,路徑左邊記爲0,右邊記爲1):

        private void bulidhuftreecode(int root, String str){
		if(treeList.get(root).getLeft() != -1 && treeList.get(root).getRight() != -1){
			bulidhuftreecode(treeList.get(root).getLeft(), str+"0");
			bulidhuftreecode(treeList.get(root).getRight(),  str + "1");
		}
		else{
			treeList.get(root).code = str;
		}	
	}

 4.哈夫曼編碼代替字符,進行壓縮,壓縮前首先要將文件頭(文件標誌,字符數量,最後一個字節有效位,密碼)字符和其頻率的那張表格寫入文件,以便於解壓縮

    public void creatCodeFile(String path) throws Exception{
		byte value = 0;
		int index = 0;
		int arr[] = new int[256];
		int intchar;
		
		for(int i = 0; i < charCount; i++){
			arr[treeList.get(i).freq.character] = i;
			
		}
		File file = new File(path);
        if(!file.exists()){
             if(!file.createNewFile()){
            	 throw new Exception("創建文件失敗");
             }
        }
		int count = charList.size();
		HuffmanHead head = new HuffmanHead(count, howlongchar(count), password);
                //將文件頭信息寫入文件
		this.write = new RandomAccessFile(file, "rw");
		write.write(head.InfoToByte());
                //將字符及其頻率的表寫入文件
		for(HuffmanFreq freq : charList){
			byte[] bt = freq.infoToByte();
			write.write(bt);
		}
		//將字符用哈夫曼編碼進行壓縮,這裏讀寫都是採用緩存機制
		byte[] readBuffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
		while((intchar = read.read(readBuffer))!= -1){
			ProgressBar.SetCurrent(read.getFilePointer());
			for(int i = 0; i < intchar;i++){
				int temp = readBuffer[i]& 0xff; 
				String code = treeList.get(arr[temp]).code;
				char[] chars = code.toCharArray();
				
				for(int j = 0; j < chars.length; j++){
					if(chars[j] == '0'){
						value = CLR_BYTE(value, index);
					}
					if(chars[j] == '1'){
						value = SET_BYTE(value, index);
					}
					if(++index >= 8){
						index = 0;
						writeInBuffer(value);
					}
				}
			}
		}
		//此方法速度較慢
//		while((intchar = is.read()) != -1){
//			String code = treeList.get(arr[intchar]).code;
//			char[] chars = code.toCharArray();
//			
//			for(int i = 0; i < chars.length; i++){
//				if(chars[i] == '0'){
//					value = CLR_BYTE(value, index);
//				}
//				if(chars[i] == '1'){
//					value = SET_BYTE(value, index);
//				}
//				if(++index >= 8){
//					index = 0;
//					oos.write(value);
//				}
//			}
//		}
		if(index != 0){
			writeInBuffer(value);
		}
	    byte[] Data = Arrays.copyOfRange(writeBuffer, 0, writeBufferSize);
	    write.write(Data);
	    write.close();
		read.close();
	}
        //指定位,置1
        byte SET_BYTE(byte value, int index){
		return (value) |= (1 << ((index) ^ 7));
	}	
        //指定位,置0
	byte CLR_BYTE(byte value, int index){ 
		return (value) &= (~(1 << ((index) ^ 7)));
	}
        //判斷指定位是否爲0,0爲false,1爲true
	boolean GET_BYTE(byte value, int index){ 
		return ((value) & (1 << ((index) ^ 7))) != 0;
	}

如果一個字節一個字節往文件裏寫,速度會極慢,爲了提高效率,寫也採用緩存,先寫到緩存區,緩存區滿了後寫入文件,

        private void writeInBuffer(byte value) throws Exception {
		if(writeBufferSize < BUFFER_SIZE){
			writeBuffer[writeBufferSize] = value;
			if(++writeBufferSize >= BUFFER_SIZE){
				write.write(writeBuffer);
				writeBufferSize = 0;
			}
		} else{
			throw new Exception("寫入文件出錯");
		}
	}

到這裏壓縮就完成了,以下爲解壓縮方法

1.從寫入文件中的字符統計的表讀出放入list裏

public void init() throws Exception{
		char isHUf = read.readChar();
                //驗證文件頭信息
		if(isHUf != '哈'){
			throw new Exception("該文件不是HUFFMAN壓縮文件");
		}
		this.charCount = read.readChar();
		this.treeSize = 2*charCount -1;
		this.lastIndex = read.readChar();
		int password = read.readInt();
		if(password != this.password.hashCode()){
			System.out.println("密碼錯誤");
		} else{
			System.out.println("密碼正確,正在解壓");
		}
		
                //從文件中將字符統計的表讀出
		byte[] buffer = new byte[charCount * 6];
		read.seek(10);
		read.read(buffer, 0, charCount * 6);
		ProgressBar.SetCurrent(read.getFilePointer());
		for(int i = 0; i < buffer.length; i+=6){
			byte[] buff = Arrays.copyOfRange(buffer, i, i+2);
			ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocate (buff.length);
		    bb.put (buff);
		    bb.flip ();
		    CharBuffer cb = cs.decode (bb);
		    byte[] buff1 = Arrays.copyOfRange(buffer, i+2, i+6);
		    int size = ByteAnd8Types.bytesToInt2(buff1, 0);
		    HuffmanFreq freq = new HuffmanFreq(cb.array()[0], size);
		    charList.add(freq);
		}
	}

2.用統計結果構建哈夫曼樹(和以上代碼一樣)

3.用哈夫曼樹生成哈夫曼編碼(從根結點開始,路徑左邊記爲0,右邊記爲1)(和以上代碼一樣)

4.遍歷文件每個字節,根據哈夫曼編碼找到對應的字符,將字符寫入新文件

        public void creatsourcefile(String pathname) throws Exception{
		int root = treeList.size() - 1;
		int fininsh = 1;
		long len;
		File file = new File(pathname);
		if(!file.exists()){
			  if(!file.createNewFile()){
				  throw new Exception("創建文件失敗");
	          }
		}
		write = new RandomAccessFile(file, "rw");
		
		int intchar;
		byte[] bytes = new byte[1<<18];
		int index = 0;
		while((intchar = read.read(bytes))!= -1){
			len = read.getFilePointer();
			ProgressBar.SetCurrent(len);
			for(int i = 0; i < intchar;i++){
				for(;index < 8 && fininsh != 0;){
					if(GET_BYTE(bytes[i], index)){
						root = treeList.get(root).right;
					} else{
						root = treeList.get(root).left;
					}
					if(treeList.get(root).right== -1 && treeList.get(root).left == -1){
						byte temp = (byte)treeList.get(root).freq.character;
						writeInBuffer(temp);
						root = treeList.size() - 1;
					}
					index++;
					if(len == this.goalfilelenth && i == intchar-1){
						if(index >= this.lastIndex){
							fininsh = 0;
						}
					}
				}
				index = 0;
			}
		}
		byte[] Data = Arrays.copyOfRange(writeBuffer, 0, writeBufferSize);
		write.write(Data);
		write.close();
		write.close();
		read.close();
	}

四運行展示: 

以上爲哈夫曼壓縮,需要具體代碼的,可以私信我,謝謝閱讀。下方也可以下載資源

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