OpenGL學習（五）座標

原創 煮雪品茶 2020-07-01 03:11

中文OpenGL學習網站：https://learnopengl-cn.github.io

一、局部空間-（模型矩陣）-世界空間-（觀察矩陣）-觀察空間-（投影矩陣）-裁剪空間

1.1代碼

#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include "CShader.h"
#define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
#include "stb_image.h"

const unsigned int WIDTH = 800;
const unsigned int HEIGHT = 600;
float MixValue = 0.2f;
void callbackFramebufferSize(GLFWwindow *vWindow, int vWidth, int vHeight)
{
	glViewport(0, 0, vWidth, vHeight);
}
void processInput(GLFWwindow *vWindow)
{
	if (glfwGetKey(vWindow, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
	{
		glfwSetWindowShouldClose(vWindow, true);
	}
	if (glfwGetKey(vWindow, GLFW_KEY_UP) == GLFW_PRESS)
	{
		MixValue = MixValue + 0.0001f;
		if (MixValue >= 1.0f)
			MixValue = 1.0f;
	}
	if (glfwGetKey(vWindow, GLFW_KEY_DOWN) == GLFW_PRESS)
	{
		MixValue = MixValue - 0.0001f;
		if (MixValue <= 0.0f)
			MixValue = 0.0f;
	}
}

int main()
{
	glfwInit();
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
	GLFWwindow *Window = glfwCreateWindow(WIDTH, HEIGHT, "LearnOpenGL", NULL, NULL);
	if (Window == NULL)
	{
		std::cout << "failed to create glfw window" << std::endl;
		glfwTerminate();
		return -1;
	}
	glfwMakeContextCurrent(Window);
	glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(Window, callbackFramebufferSize);
	if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress))
	{
		std::cout << "failed to initialize glad" << std::endl;
		return -1;
	}
	CShader ShaderProgram("Shader/Vertex/VertexSource8.glsl", "Shader/Fragment/FragmentSource4.glsl");
	//位置、顏色、紋理座標
	float Vertices[] =
	{
		0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,
		0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,0.0f,
	   -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,0.0f,
	   -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,1.0f
	};
	unsigned int Indexs[] =
	{
		0,1,3,
		1,2,3
	};
	unsigned int VAO, VBO, EBO;
	glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
	glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
	glGenBuffers(1, &EBO);
	glBindVertexArray(VAO);
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(Vertices), Vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
	glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, EBO);
	glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(Indexs), Indexs, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
	glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
	glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
	glVertexAttribPointer(2, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)(6 * sizeof(float)));
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(2);
	//創建應用紋理
	unsigned int Texture1, Texture2;
	glGenTextures(1, &Texture1);
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, Texture1);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
	int Width, Height, NrChannels;
	stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(true);
	unsigned char *Data = stbi_load("container.jpg", &Width, &Height, &NrChannels, 0);
	if (Data)
	{
		glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, Width, Height, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, Data);
		glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
	}
	else
	{
		std::cout << "failed to load texture" << std::endl;
	}
	stbi_image_free(Data);
	//第二張紋理
	glGenTextures(1, &Texture2);
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, Texture2);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
	stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(true);
	Data = stbi_load("awesomeface.png", &Width, &Height, &NrChannels, 0);
	if (Data)
	{
		glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, Width, Height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, Data);
		glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
	}
	else
	{
		std::cout << "failed to load texture" << std::endl;
	}
	stbi_image_free(Data);
	ShaderProgram.useProgram();
	ShaderProgram.setInt("texture1", 0);
	ShaderProgram.setInt("texture2", 1);
	while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(Window))
	{
		processInput(Window);
		ShaderProgram.useProgram();
		glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
		glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
		glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, Texture1);
		glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, Texture2);	
		ShaderProgram.setFloat("MixValue", MixValue);
		glm::mat4 Model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
		Model = glm::rotate(Model, glm::radians(-55.0f), glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
		glm::mat4 View = glm::mat4(1.0f);
		View = glm::translate(View, glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, -3.0f));
		glm::mat4 Projection = glm::mat4(1.0f);
		Projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(45.0f), (float)WIDTH / (float)HEIGHT, 0.1f, 100.0f);
		int ModelLoc = glGetUniformLocation(ShaderProgram.m_ShaderId, "Model");
		int ViewLoc = glGetUniformLocation(ShaderProgram.m_ShaderId, "View");
		int ProLoc = glGetUniformLocation(ShaderProgram.m_ShaderId, "Projection");
		glUniformMatrix4fv(ModelLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(Model));
		glUniformMatrix4fv(ViewLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(View));
		glUniformMatrix4fv(ProLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(Projection));		
		glBindVertexArray(VAO);
		glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);
		glfwSwapBuffers(Window);
		glfwPollEvents();
	}
	glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);
	glDeleteBuffers(1, &EBO);
	glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
	glfwTerminate();
	return 0;
}
//頂點着色器
#version 330 core
layout(location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
layout(location = 1) in vec3 aColor;
layout(location = 2) in vec2 aTexCoord;
out vec3 ourColor;
out vec2 TexCoord;
uniform mat4 Model;
uniform mat4 View;
uniform mat4 Projection;
void main()
{
	gl_Position = Projection * View * Model * vec4(aPos, 1.0f);
	ourColor = aColor;
	TexCoord = aTexCoord;
}
//片段着色器
#version 330 core
out vec4 FragColor;
in vec3 ourColor;
in vec2 TexCoord;
uniform sampler2D texture1;
uniform sampler2D texture2;
uniform float MixValue;
void main()
{
	FragColor = mix(texture(texture1, TexCoord), texture(texture2, TexCoord), MixValue);
}

1.2結果

二、z緩衝（透視效果）

畫一個隨時間旋轉的正方體

2.1代碼

#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include "CShader.h"
#define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
#include "stb_image.h"

const unsigned int WIDTH = 800;
const unsigned int HEIGHT = 600;
float MixValue = 0.2f;
void callbackFramebufferSize(GLFWwindow *vWindow, int vWidth, int vHeight)
{
	glViewport(0, 0, vWidth, vHeight);
}
void processInput(GLFWwindow *vWindow)
{
	if (glfwGetKey(vWindow, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
	{
		glfwSetWindowShouldClose(vWindow, true);
	}
	if (glfwGetKey(vWindow, GLFW_KEY_UP) == GLFW_PRESS)
	{
		MixValue = MixValue + 0.0001f;
		if (MixValue >= 1.0f)
			MixValue = 1.0f;
	}
	if (glfwGetKey(vWindow, GLFW_KEY_DOWN) == GLFW_PRESS)
	{
		MixValue = MixValue - 0.0001f;
		if (MixValue <= 0.0f)
			MixValue = 0.0f;
	}
}

int main()
{
	glfwInit();
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
	GLFWwindow *Window = glfwCreateWindow(WIDTH, HEIGHT, "LearnOpenGL", NULL, NULL);
	if (Window == NULL)
	{
		std::cout << "failed to create glfw window" << std::endl;
		glfwTerminate();
		return -1;
	}
	glfwMakeContextCurrent(Window);
	glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(Window, callbackFramebufferSize);
	if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress))
	{
		std::cout << "failed to initialize glad" << std::endl;
		return -1;
	}
	CShader ShaderProgram("Shader/Vertex/VertexSource9.glsl", "Shader/Fragment/FragmentSource5.glsl");
	//位置 紋理座標
	float Vertices[] = {
	-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
	 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
	 0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
	 0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
	-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,

	-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
	 0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
	 0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
	 0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
	-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,

	-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
	-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
	-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,

	 0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
	 0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
	 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
	 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
	 0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
	 0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,

	-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
	 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
	 0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
	 0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,

	-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
	 0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
	 0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
	 0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
	-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
	-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f
	};
	unsigned int VAO, VBO;
	glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
	glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
	glBindVertexArray(VAO);
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(Vertices), Vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
	glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
	glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
	//創建應用紋理
	unsigned int Texture1, Texture2;
	glGenTextures(1, &Texture1);
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, Texture1);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
	int Width, Height, NrChannels;
	stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(true);
	unsigned char *Data = stbi_load("container.jpg", &Width, &Height, &NrChannels, 0);
	if (Data)
	{
		glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, Width, Height, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, Data);
		glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
	}
	else
	{
		std::cout << "failed to load texture" << std::endl;
	}
	stbi_image_free(Data);
	//第二張紋理
	glGenTextures(1, &Texture2);
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, Texture2);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
	stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(true);
	Data = stbi_load("awesomeface.png", &Width, &Height, &NrChannels, 0);
	if (Data)
	{
		glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, Width, Height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, Data);
		glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
	}
	else
	{
		std::cout << "failed to load texture" << std::endl;
	}
	stbi_image_free(Data);
	ShaderProgram.useProgram();
	ShaderProgram.setInt("texture1", 0);
	ShaderProgram.setInt("texture2", 1);
	glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
	while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(Window))
	{
		processInput(Window);
		ShaderProgram.useProgram();
		glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
		glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
		glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, Texture1);
		glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, Texture2);
		ShaderProgram.setFloat("MixValue", MixValue);
		glm::mat4 Model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
		Model = glm::rotate(Model, (float)glfwGetTime()*glm::radians(50.0f), glm::vec3(0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
		glm::mat4 View = glm::mat4(1.0f);
		View = glm::translate(View, glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, -3.0f));
		glm::mat4 Projection = glm::mat4(1.0f);
		Projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(45.0f), (float)WIDTH / (float)HEIGHT, 0.1f, 100.0f);
		int ModelLoc = glGetUniformLocation(ShaderProgram.m_ShaderId, "Model");
		int ViewLoc = glGetUniformLocation(ShaderProgram.m_ShaderId, "View");
		int ProLoc = glGetUniformLocation(ShaderProgram.m_ShaderId, "Projection");
		glUniformMatrix4fv(ModelLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(Model));
		glUniformMatrix4fv(ViewLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(View));
		glUniformMatrix4fv(ProLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(Projection));
		glBindVertexArray(VAO);
		glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
		glfwSwapBuffers(Window);
		glfwPollEvents();
	}
	glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);
	glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
	glfwTerminate();
	return 0;
}
//頂點着色器
#version 330 core
layout(location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
layout(location = 1) in vec2 aTexCoord;
out vec2 TexCoord;
uniform mat4 Model;
uniform mat4 View;
uniform mat4 Projection;
void main()
{
	gl_Position = Projection * View * Model * vec4(aPos, 1.0f);
	TexCoord = aTexCoord;
}
//片段着色器
#version 330 core
out vec4 FragColor;
in vec2 TexCoord;
uniform sampler2D texture1;
uniform sampler2D texture2;
uniform float MixValue;
void main()
{
	FragColor = mix(texture(texture1, TexCoord), texture(texture2, TexCoord), MixValue);
}

2.2結果

三、創建10個在不同位置，旋轉不同的正方體

3.1代碼

#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include "CShader.h"
#define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
#include "stb_image.h"

const unsigned int WIDTH = 800;
const unsigned int HEIGHT = 600;
float MixValue = 0.2f;
void callbackFramebufferSize(GLFWwindow *vWindow, int vWidth, int vHeight)
{
	glViewport(0, 0, vWidth, vHeight);
}
void processInput(GLFWwindow *vWindow)
{
	if (glfwGetKey(vWindow, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
	{
		glfwSetWindowShouldClose(vWindow, true);
	}
	if (glfwGetKey(vWindow, GLFW_KEY_UP) == GLFW_PRESS)
	{
		MixValue = MixValue + 0.0001f;
		if (MixValue >= 1.0f)
			MixValue = 1.0f;
	}
	if (glfwGetKey(vWindow, GLFW_KEY_DOWN) == GLFW_PRESS)
	{
		MixValue = MixValue - 0.0001f;
		if (MixValue <= 0.0f)
			MixValue = 0.0f;
	}
}

int main()
{
	glfwInit();
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
	GLFWwindow *Window = glfwCreateWindow(WIDTH, HEIGHT, "LearnOpenGL", NULL, NULL);
	if (Window == NULL)
	{
		std::cout << "failed to create glfw window" << std::endl;
		glfwTerminate();
		return -1;
	}
	glfwMakeContextCurrent(Window);
	glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(Window, callbackFramebufferSize);
	if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress))
	{
		std::cout << "failed to initialize glad" << std::endl;
		return -1;
	}
	CShader ShaderProgram("Shader/Vertex/VertexSource9.glsl", "Shader/Fragment/FragmentSource5.glsl");
	//位置 紋理座標
	float Vertices[] = {
	-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
	 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
	 0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
	 0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
	-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,

	-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
	 0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
	 0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
	 0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
	-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,

	-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
	-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
	-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,

	 0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
	 0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
	 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
	 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
	 0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
	 0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,

	-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
	 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
	 0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
	 0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,

	-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
	 0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
	 0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
	 0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
	-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
	-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f
	};
	unsigned int VAO, VBO;
	glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
	glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
	glBindVertexArray(VAO);
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(Vertices), Vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
	glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
	glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
	//創建應用紋理
	unsigned int Texture1, Texture2;
	glGenTextures(1, &Texture1);
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, Texture1);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
	int Width, Height, NrChannels;
	stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(true);
	unsigned char *Data = stbi_load("container.jpg", &Width, &Height, &NrChannels, 0);
	if (Data)
	{
		glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, Width, Height, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, Data);
		glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
	}
	else
	{
		std::cout << "failed to load texture" << std::endl;
	}
	stbi_image_free(Data);
	//第二張紋理
	glGenTextures(1, &Texture2);
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, Texture2);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
	stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(true);
	Data = stbi_load("awesomeface.png", &Width, &Height, &NrChannels, 0);
	if (Data)
	{
		glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, Width, Height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, Data);
		glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
	}
	else
	{
		std::cout << "failed to load texture" << std::endl;
	}
	stbi_image_free(Data);
	ShaderProgram.useProgram();
	ShaderProgram.setInt("texture1", 0);
	ShaderProgram.setInt("texture2", 1);
	glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
	glm::vec3 CubePosition[] =
	{
		glm::vec3(0.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f),
		glm::vec3(2.0f,  5.0f, -15.0f),
		glm::vec3(-1.5f, -2.2f, -2.5f),
		glm::vec3(-3.8f, -2.0f, -12.3f),
		glm::vec3(2.4f, -0.4f, -3.5f),
		glm::vec3(-1.7f,  3.0f, -7.5f),
		glm::vec3(1.3f, -2.0f, -2.5f),
		glm::vec3(1.5f,  2.0f, -2.5f),
		glm::vec3(1.5f,  0.2f, -1.5f),
		glm::vec3(-1.3f,  1.0f, -1.5f)
	};
	while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(Window))
	{
		processInput(Window);
		ShaderProgram.useProgram();
		glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
		glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
		glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, Texture1);
		glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, Texture2);
		ShaderProgram.setFloat("MixValue", MixValue);
		glm::mat4 View = glm::mat4(1.0f);
		View = glm::translate(View, glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, -3.0f));
		glm::mat4 Projection = glm::mat4(1.0f);
		Projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(45.0f), (float)WIDTH / (float)HEIGHT, 0.1f, 100.0f);
		ShaderProgram.setMat4("View", View);
		ShaderProgram.setMat4("Projection",Projection);
		glBindVertexArray(VAO);
		for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
		{
			glm::mat4 Model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
			Model = glm::translate(Model, CubePosition[i]);
			float Angle = 20.0f*(1+i);
			Model = glm::rotate(Model,(float)glfwGetTime()*glm::radians(Angle), glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.3f, 0.5f));
			ShaderProgram.setMat4("Model", Model);
			glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
		}	
		glfwSwapBuffers(Window);
		glfwPollEvents();
	}
	glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);
	glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
	glfwTerminate();
	return 0;
}
//頂點着色器
#version 330 core
layout(location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
layout(location = 1) in vec2 aTexCoord;
out vec2 TexCoord;
uniform mat4 Model;
uniform mat4 View;
uniform mat4 Projection;
void main()
{
	gl_Position = Projection * View * Model * vec4(aPos, 1.0f);
	TexCoord = aTexCoord;
}
//片段着色器
#version 330 core
out vec4 FragColor;
in vec2 TexCoord;
uniform sampler2D texture1;
uniform sampler2D texture2;
uniform float MixValue;
void main()
{
	FragColor = mix(texture(texture1, TexCoord), texture(texture2, TexCoord), MixValue);
}

3.2結果

四、使用模型矩陣只讓是3倍數的箱子旋轉（以及第1個箱子），而讓剩下的箱子保持靜止

4.1代碼

int main()
{
	glfwInit();
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
	GLFWwindow *Window = glfwCreateWindow(WIDTH, HEIGHT, "LearnOpenGL", NULL, NULL);
	if (Window == NULL)
	{
		std::cout << "failed to create glfw window" << std::endl;
		glfwTerminate();
		return -1;
	}
	glfwMakeContextCurrent(Window);
	glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(Window, callbackFramebufferSize);
	if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress))
	{
		std::cout << "failed to initialize glad" << std::endl;
		return -1;
	}
	CShader ShaderProgram("Shader/Vertex/VertexSource9.glsl", "Shader/Fragment/FragmentSource5.glsl");
	//位置 紋理座標
	float Vertices[] = {
	-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
	 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
	 0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
	 0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
	-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,

	-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
	 0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
	 0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
	 0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
	-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,

	-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
	-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
	-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,

	 0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
	 0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
	 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
	 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
	 0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
	 0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,

	-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
	 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
	 0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
	 0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,

	-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
	 0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
	 0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
	 0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
	-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
	-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f
	};
	unsigned int VAO, VBO;
	glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
	glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
	glBindVertexArray(VAO);
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(Vertices), Vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
	glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
	glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
	//創建應用紋理
	unsigned int Texture1, Texture2;
	glGenTextures(1, &Texture1);
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, Texture1);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
	int Width, Height, NrChannels;
	stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(true);
	unsigned char *Data = stbi_load("container.jpg", &Width, &Height, &NrChannels, 0);
	if (Data)
	{
		glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, Width, Height, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, Data);
		glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
	}
	else
	{
		std::cout << "failed to load texture" << std::endl;
	}
	stbi_image_free(Data);
	//第二張紋理
	glGenTextures(1, &Texture2);
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, Texture2);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
	stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(true);
	Data = stbi_load("awesomeface.png", &Width, &Height, &NrChannels, 0);
	if (Data)
	{
		glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, Width, Height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, Data);
		glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
	}
	else
	{
		std::cout << "failed to load texture" << std::endl;
	}
	stbi_image_free(Data);
	ShaderProgram.useProgram();
	ShaderProgram.setInt("texture1", 0);
	ShaderProgram.setInt("texture2", 1);
	glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
	glm::vec3 CubePosition[] =
	{
		glm::vec3(0.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f),
		glm::vec3(2.0f,  5.0f, -15.0f),
		glm::vec3(-1.5f, -2.2f, -2.5f),
		glm::vec3(-3.8f, -2.0f, -12.3f),
		glm::vec3(2.4f, -0.4f, -3.5f),
		glm::vec3(-1.7f,  3.0f, -7.5f),
		glm::vec3(1.3f, -2.0f, -2.5f),
		glm::vec3(1.5f,  2.0f, -2.5f),
		glm::vec3(1.5f,  0.2f, -1.5f),
		glm::vec3(-1.3f,  1.0f, -1.5f)
	};
	while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(Window))
	{
		processInput(Window);
		ShaderProgram.useProgram();
		glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
		glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
		glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, Texture1);
		glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, Texture2);
		ShaderProgram.setFloat("MixValue", MixValue);
		glm::mat4 View = glm::mat4(1.0f);
		View = glm::translate(View, glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, -3.0f));
		glm::mat4 Projection = glm::mat4(1.0f);
		Projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(45.0f), (float)WIDTH / (float)HEIGHT, 0.1f, 100.0f);
		ShaderProgram.setMat4("View", View);
		ShaderProgram.setMat4("Projection", Projection);
		glBindVertexArray(VAO);
		for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
		{
			glm::mat4 Model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
			Model = glm::translate(Model, CubePosition[i]);
			if (i % 3 == 0)
			{								
				float Angle = 20.0f*(1 + i);
				Model = glm::rotate(Model, (float)glfwGetTime()*glm::radians(Angle), glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.3f, 0.5f));
			}
			ShaderProgram.setMat4("Model", Model);
			glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
			
		}
		glfwSwapBuffers(Window);
		glfwPollEvents();
	}
	glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);
	glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
	glfwTerminate();
	return 0;
}
//頂點着色器
#version 330 core
layout(location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
layout(location = 1) in vec2 aTexCoord;
out vec2 TexCoord;
uniform mat4 Model;
uniform mat4 View;
uniform mat4 Projection;
void main()
{
	gl_Position = Projection * View * Model * vec4(aPos, 1.0f);
	TexCoord = aTexCoord;
}
//片段着色器
#version 330 core
out vec4 FragColor;
in vec2 TexCoord;
uniform sampler2D texture1;
uniform sampler2D texture2;
uniform float MixValue;
void main()
{
	FragColor = mix(texture(texture1, TexCoord), texture(texture2, TexCoord), MixValue);
}

4.2結果

 

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