linux 下查看硬盤壞道代碼(轉)

對於硬盤的壞道的確沒有什麼好的辦法，ata協議中的smart命令本意上是好的，但是很多的硬盤廠商並沒有很好的實現smart的功能；硬盤的相關錯誤信息會存在相應的扇區裏，但是這些扇區相當於一個環形的緩衝區，所以記錄的錯誤信息有限，如果需要完整的硬盤壞道信息，smart就無能爲力了。通過完整的讀一遍硬盤可以找出壞道的完整信息，但是讀牽涉到了DMA的數據傳輸過程所以效率較低；ata的協議裏READ VERIFY (EXT)命令大大提高效率，該命令是NO DATA類型的；以下是具體的代碼：

先摘來學習下

[cpp] view plaincopy
#include <stdio.h>  
#include <string.h>  
#include <unistd.h>  
#include <stdlib.h>  
#include <linux/hdreg.h>  
#include <linux/types.h>  
#include <sys/stat.h>  
#include <scsi/sg.h>  
#include <scsi/scsi.h>  
#include <sys/ioctl.h>  
#include <linux/fs.h>  
#include <fcntl.h>  
#include <errno.h>  
#include <sys/time.h>  
  
#define ATA_DRQ                (1 << 3)    /* data request i/o */  
#define    ATA_ERR             (1 << 0) /* have an error */  
#define DRIVER_SENSE             0x08  
#define CONDITION_GOOD         0x02  
#define ATA_PASS_THRU_12    12  
#define ATA_12                        0xa1  
#define ATA_PASS_THRU_16    16  
#define ATA_16                        0x85  
#define CMD_NO_DATA                (3 << 1)  
#define FOR_SENSE_DATA        0x20  
#define CMD_VERIFY_EXT        0x42  
#define CMD_VERIFT                0x40  
  
#define u64        unsigned long long  
#define u32        unsigned int  
#define u8        unsigned char  
  
struct ata_taskfile {  
  
    u8    hob_feature;      
    u8    hob_nsect;      
    u8    hob_lbal;  
    u8    hob_lbam;  
    u8    hob_lbah;  
    u8    feature;  
    u8    nsect;  
    u8    lbal;  
    u8    lbam;  
    u8    lbah;  
    u8    device;  
    u8    command;      
};  
  
static u64 get_disk_size(const char *name)  
{  
    const char *ptr = name + strlen(name) - 3;  
    u64 size;  
    char buff[128];  
    FILE *fp;  
      
    sprintf(buff,"/sys/block/%s/size",ptr);  
  
    if(NULL == (fp = fopen(buff,"r"))){  
        perror("fopen");  
        return 0;  
    }  
    fscanf(fp,"%lld",&size);  
    fclose(fp);  
      
    return size;  
}  
  
static void init_taskfile(struct ata_taskfile *tf,u64 lba,u32 nsect)  
{  
    memset((void *)tf,0,sizeof(*tf));  
      
    tf->command = CMD_VERIFY_EXT;  
    tf->device = 1 << 6;  
    tf->lbal = lba;  
    tf->lbam = lba >> 8;  
    tf->lbah = lba >> 16;  
    tf->nsect = nsect;  
      
    tf->hob_nsect = nsect >> 8;  
    tf->hob_lbal = lba >> 24;  
    tf->hob_lbam = lba >> 32;  
    tf->hob_lbah = lba >> 40;  
}  
  
  
static int sg_ioctl(int fd,struct ata_taskfile *tf)  
{  
    u8 sense_buffer[32];  
    u8 cdb[ATA_PASS_THRU_16];  
    sg_io_hdr_t sg_io;  
    int err = 0;  
      
    memset(sense_buffer,0,32);  
    memset((void *)&sg_io,0,sizeof(sg_io_hdr_t));  
    memset(cdb,0,ATA_PASS_THRU_16);  
      
    cdb[0] = ATA_16;  
    cdb[1] = CMD_NO_DATA;  
    cdb[2] = FOR_SENSE_DATA;  
    cdb[4] = tf->feature;  
    cdb[6] = tf->nsect;  
    cdb[8] = tf->lbal;  
    cdb[10] = tf->lbam;  
    cdb[12] = tf->lbah;  
    cdb[13] = tf->device;  
    cdb[14] = tf->command;  
          
    cdb[1] |= 1;  
    cdb[3] = tf->hob_feature;  
    cdb[5] = tf->hob_nsect;  
    cdb[7] = tf->hob_lbal;  
    cdb[9] = tf->hob_lbam;  
    cdb[11] = tf->hob_lbah;  
      
    sg_io.cmd_len = ATA_PASS_THRU_16;  
    sg_io.interface_id = 'S';  
    sg_io.cmdp = cdb;  
    sg_io.mx_sb_len = sizeof(sense_buffer);  
    sg_io.sbp = sense_buffer;  
    sg_io.dxfer_direction = SG_DXFER_NONE;   
    sg_io.timeout = 0;    //sg default time 75s  
  
      
    if((err = ioctl(fd,SG_IO,&sg_io)) == -1)  
    {  
        perror("SG_IO");  
        return err;  
    }  
      
    if(sg_io.host_status || DRIVER_SENSE != sg_io.driver_status  
     || (sg_io.status && CONDITION_GOOD != sg_io.status))  
    {  
            printf("SG_IO: bad response/n");  
            errno = EBADE;  
            return -1;  
    }  
  
    if(0x72 != sense_buffer[0] || sense_buffer[7] < 14   
        || 0x09 != sense_buffer[8] || sense_buffer[9] < 0x0c)   
    {  
        printf("SG_IO:bad sense buffer 0x%x 0x%x 0x%x 0x%x/n",  
            sense_buffer[0],sense_buffer[7],sense_buffer[8],sense_buffer[9]);  
        errno = EBADE;  
        return -1;  
    }  
      
    if(sense_buffer[21] & (ATA_DRQ | ATA_ERR))   
    {  
        printf("I/O error, cmd = 0x%02x status = 0x%02x error = 0x%02x/n",  
                tf->command, sense_buffer[21], sense_buffer[11]);  
        errno = EIO;  
        return -1;  
    }  
      
    return 0;  
}  
  
int ata_ioctl(int fd,u64 lba,u32 nsec)  
{  
    unsigned char cdb[7];  
    int err = 0;  
      
    cdb[0] = CMD_VERIFT;  
    cdb[1] = 0x00;  
    cdb[2] = nsec;  
    cdb[3] = (lba >> 0) & 0xFF;  
    cdb[4] = (lba >> 8) & 0xFF;  
    cdb[5] = (lba >> 16) & 0xFF;  
    cdb[6] = 0x40 | ((lba >> 24) & 0xFF);  
      
    if (-1 == (err = ioctl(fd, HDIO_DRIVE_TASK, (void *)cdb))) {  
        perror("HDIO_DRIVE_TASK");  
        return -1;  
    }  
      
    return 0;  
}  
  
int disk_verify_sectors(const char *name,int fd, u64 start, u32 size)  
{      
    static u64 capacity = 0;  
    struct ata_taskfile tf;  
      
    if(0 == capacity){  
            capacity = get_disk_size(name);  
    }  
      
    init_taskfile(&tf,start,size);  
      
    return sg_ioctl(fd,&tf);  
}  
  
int main(int argc, char *argv[])  
{  
    u64 offset = 0;  
    int fd;  
    u64 capacity;  
    struct timeval t1,t2;  
    int size;  
      
    if (argc < 3) {  
        printf("Usage: ./exec devname size/n");  
        printf("@devname:device name/n"  
                     "@size:per verifying sectors/n");  
        return 0;  
    }  
      
    capacity = get_disk_size(argv[1]);  
    printf("disk capacity = %lld/n",capacity);  
    size = atoi(argv[2]);  
    printf("verfy disk granularity %d/n",size);  
      
    if(-1 == (fd = open(argv[1],O_RDWR))){  
        perror("open");  
        return fd;  
    }  
      
    gettimeofday(&t1,NULL);  
    while(1) {  
        if((offset + size) > capacity){  
            size = offset - capacity;  
            capacity = 0;  
        }  
        if (disk_verify_sectors(argv[1],fd,offset, size) < 0) {  
            printf("%s:sectors between %Lu - %Lu error/n",  
  
                   argv[1],offset, offset+size);  
        }  
        offset += size;          
        if(0 == capacity)  
            break;  
    }  
      
    gettimeofday(&t2,NULL);  
    printf("%s:verify over/n",argv[1]);  
    printf("kill time = %ld s/n",(t2.tv_sec - t1.tv_sec));  
    close(fd);  
      
    return 0;  
}  

轉直http://blog.chinaunix.net/u3/101879/showart_2124196.html