第七週實驗報告（任務3）

程序頭部註釋開始
* 程序的版權和版本聲明部分
* Copyright (c) 2011, 煙臺大學計算機學院學生
* All rights reserved.
* 文件名稱：     複數類的改進          
* 作    者：     郭廣建                       
* 完成日期：  2012年    4  月   03     日
* 版 本 號：  1.0

題目介紹：

【任務3】閱讀P314的例10.1（電子版的在平臺上見txt文件）。該例實現了一個複數類，但是美中不足的是，複數類的實部和虛部都固定是double型的。可以通過模板類的技術手段，設計Complex，使實部和虛部的類型爲定義對象時用的實際類型。
（1）要求類成員函數在類外定義。
（2）在此基礎上，再實現減法、乘法和除法
你可以使用的main()函數如下。
int main( )
{	Complex<int> c1(3,4),c2(5,-10),c3;  
	c3=c1.complex_add(c2);  
	cout<<"c1+c2="; 
	c3.display( );  
	Complex<double> c4(3.1,4.4),c5(5.34,-10.21),c6;  
	c6=c4.complex_add(c5);  
	cout<<"c4+c5="; 
	c6.display( ); 
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

附：例10.1的代碼
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Complex   
{
public:
	Complex( ){real=0;imag=0;}     
	Complex(double r,double i){real=r;imag=i;} 
	Complex complex_add(Complex &c2); 
	void display( );   
private:
	double real; 
	double imag; 
};
Complex Complex::complex_add(Complex &c2)
{
	Complex c;
	c.real=real+c2.real;
	c.imag=imag+c2.imag;
	return c;
}   
void Complex::display( )   
{
	cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)"<<endl;
}
int main( )
{
	Complex c1(3,4),c2(5,-10),c3;  
	c3=c1.complex_add(c2);  
	cout<<"c1="; c1.display( );  
	cout<<"c2="; c2.display( ); 
	cout<<"c1+c2="; c3.display( );  
	return 0;
}

源程序：

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

template<class comstyle>

class Complex
{
public:

	Complex( ){real = 0; imag = 0;}  

	Complex(comstyle r,comstyle i){real = r; imag = i;} 
	
	Complex complex_add(Complex &c2); 

	Complex complex_subtract(Complex &c2);

	Complex complex_multiply(Complex &c2);

	Complex complex_divide(Complex &c2);

	void display( );
	
private:

	comstyle real; 

	comstyle imag; 
};

template<class comstyle>

Complex<comstyle> Complex<comstyle>::complex_add(Complex<comstyle> &c2)        //加法定義
{
	Complex<comstyle> c;

	c.real = real + c2. real;

	c.imag = imag + c2. imag;

	return c;
} 
template<class comstyle>

Complex<comstyle> Complex<comstyle>::complex_subtract(Complex<comstyle> &c2)   //減法定義
{
	Complex<comstyle> c;

	c.real = real - c2. real;

	c.imag = imag - c2. imag;

	return c;
}
template<class comstyle>

Complex<comstyle> Complex<comstyle>::complex_multiply(Complex<comstyle> &c2)    //乘法定義
{
     Complex<comstyle> c;

	 c.real = real * c2.real - imag * c2.imag ;
	 
	 c.imag = real * c2.imag + imag * c2.real ;

	 return c;
}
template<class comstyle>

Complex<comstyle> Complex<comstyle>::complex_divide(Complex<comstyle> &c2)      //除法定義
{
     Complex<comstyle> c;

	 c.real = (real * c2.real + imag * c2.imag) / (c2 .real * c2.real + c2.imag * c2.imag);

	 c.imag = (imag * c2.real - real * c2.imag) / (c2 .real * c2.real + c2.imag * c2.imag);

	 return c;
}

template<class comstyle>

void Complex<comstyle>::display( )   
{
	cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<")"<<endl;
}

int main( )
{	Complex<int> c1(3,4), c2(5,-10), c3;  

	c3 = c1.complex_add(c2);  

	cout << "c1+c2 ="; 

	c3.display( );  

	c3 = c1.complex_subtract(c2);  

	cout << "c1-c2 ="; 

	c3.display( ); 

	c3 = c1.complex_multiply(c2);  

	cout << "c1*c2 ="; 

	c3.display( ); 

	c3 = c1.complex_divide(c2);  

	cout << "c1/c2 ="; 

	c3.display( ); 

	Complex<double> c4(3.1,4.4), c5(5.34,-10.21), c6;  

	c6 = c4.complex_add(c5);  

	cout << "c4+c5 ="; 

	c6.display( ); 

	c6 = c4.complex_subtract(c5);  

	cout << "c4-c5 ="; 

	c6.display( ); 

	c6 = c4.complex_multiply(c5);  

	cout << "c4*c5 ="; 

	c6.display( ); 

	c6 = c4.complex_divide(c5);  

	cout << "c4/c5 ="; 

	c6.display( ); 

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

運行結果：

 

經驗積累：

1）.類模板可以避免函數的重載的定義和運用的麻煩

2）.但是在類中成員函數定義之前應該注意不能忘掉 “template<class comstyle>”

3）.並沒有一勞永逸的解決方法，一方面簡單的同時，在某些方面肯定有很多注意點，所以在應用時要慎重！