英語語法日記——主從句之定語從句
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定語從句
1、定義：修飾、先定名次或代詞的一個句子，是後置定語的一種
2、先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞
3、引導詞：引導從句、弱化從句、連接主句和從句、表達先行詞的意思、在從句中充當成分 -
定語從句解密
1、規則1：若先行詞是物，定語從句關係詞用which，在從句中充當主語或賓語：
I enjoy reading the book which is about Chinese culture.
The ticket he bought today is available for two months.
2、規則2：若先行詞是人，關係詞在從句中充當主語時用who，充當賓語時用whom（關係詞在從句中作賓語時可以省略）：
The man is my teacher who speaks fluent English.
The woman (whom) I interviewed is a great scientist.
3、規則3：當先行詞與從句中某個名詞有所屬關係，表達“…的”意思，定於從句引導詞用whose：
I know a man whose brother is a doctor.
4、規則4：若先行詞是時間類名詞（如day、year等），關係詞用when：
She still remember the day when she received her master’s degree.
5、規則5：若先行詞是地點類名詞（如place、house、school等），關係詞用where：
This is a park where we met for the first time.
6、若先行詞是名詞reason，關係詞用why：
I konw the reason why he missed the lecture. -
限定性定從/非限定性定從
1、限定性定從：主句和從句之間無逗號隔開，先行詞範圍模糊，一定需要修飾或界定：
I don’t like people who are never on time.
2、非限定性定從：主句和從句之間有逗號隔開，先行詞範圍明確，從句只起補充說明作用：
Einstein,who was a great scientist,created the theory of relativity.
3、注意：當先行詞爲以下情況，其後只能接非限定性定從：
（1）先行詞時具有唯一性的名詞或代詞（如sun、moon、mother）：
His mother,who graduated from Harvard,is his role model.
（2）先行詞是專有名詞（如人名，地名，公司名等）：
Jason works at Google,which is a world famous company.
（3）先行詞是一個句子（此時引導詞只能用which或as）：
He was late for an hour,which annoyed his girlfriend.
As we all know,James is a famous player. -
介詞提前的定語從句
關係詞只能用which或whom：
She is the actress about whom we talked just now.
The environment in which we live is polluted.
Here is a pen with which you can sign your name.
Mr.Smith is the person to whom you should apologize. -
定語從句的分隔情況
先行詞和引導詞之間插入了其他成分：
A new teacher will be here tomorrow who will teach you English.
The days are gone when most people were illiterate -
關係詞的特殊用法
1、不管先行詞是人還是物，在從句中作主語還是賓語，都可用that
2、有些情況，只能用that：
（1）說法絕對：先行詞出現絕對性描述，如the only,everyone,everything,all,none,anything,anyone
（2）當先行詞前有序數詞時，如the first,the seconed,the last
（3）先行詞前有形容詞最高級修飾時
（4）人物並現
3、以下兩種特殊情況不能使用that：
（1）that不能引導非限定性定語從句
（2）定於從句前面有介詞時，關係詞不能用that